Evolving role of human papillomavirus as a clinically significant biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The majority of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx, one of the sites within the head and neck region, is now associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in North America. Several modalities are available to determine the HPV status, however, the understanding of each assay in its application and limitations is essential for accurate interpretation and appropriate utilization of results in management of these patients.

Areas covered: This expert review will cover the role of HPV in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), indications for HPV testing, HPV detection methods in tumors, saliva and serum, and exploiting HPV status as a prognostic biomarker of clinical outcome in HNSCC.

Expert commentary: The HPV status is the most significant diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HNSCC, specifically in the oropharynx. Research underway is currently delineating the role of HPV and p16 testing in non-oropharyngeal sites. While the feasibility of non-invasive serum and saliva testing for HPV detection has been established, the clinical application of these assays is still evolving.

KEYWORDS:

• Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
• human papillomavirus
• biomarker

Declaration of interest

Christine H. Chung has served on ad hoc scientific advisory boards and received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly Oncology, Celgene, and Ignyta. The remaining authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewers disclosure

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial relationships or otherwise to disclose.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.