Movement disorders and cerebrovascular diseases: from pathophysiology to treatment

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of secondary movement disorders. Hypokinetic or hyperkinetic movement disorders may occur after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, either immediately or thereafter. Such disorders are also known to be caused by diffuse leukoaraiosis, vascular malformations and dural fistulas in the basal ganglia or other brain regions.

Area covered: The aim of this review was to describe movement disorders secondary to cerebrovascular diseases, and highlight their pivotal pathophysiological aspects, clinical features, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options.

Expert commentary: Movement disorders secondary to cerebrovascular diseases remain a challenge for neurologists. These conditions share some therapeutic options with idiopathic forms, though tailored treatment may be required in certain cases. Innovative neuroimaging techniques may play a pivotal role in the early diagnosis of vascular movement disorders. Further natural history studies and good-quality clinical trials are warranted to achieve a better management of these complex disorders.

KEYWORDS:

• Vascular parkinsonism
• hemiballism
• hemichorea
• basal ganglia
• nigrostriatal pathway
• levodopa

Declaration of interest

C. Colosimo has received honoraria (for consulting) from Ipsen, Merz, Zambon. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.