Immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced diabetes mellitus: a growing clinical presentation requiring our attention

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Declaration of interests

DS Popovic declares associations with: Abbott, Alkaloid, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Berlin-Chemie, Eli Lilly, Galenika, Krka, Merck, Novo Nordisk, PharmaSwiss, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Viatris, and Worwag Pharma. T Koufakis has received honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pharmaserve Lilly, and Novo Nordisk, for advisory boards from Novo Nordisk, and has participated in sponsored studies by Eli-Lilly and Novo Nordisk. B Kovacevic is currently a Key Account Specialist at MSD Serbia. M Rizzo is former Director, Clinical Medical & Regulatory Department, Novo Nordisk Europe East and South; he has given lectures, received honoraria and research support, and participated in conferences, advisory boards, and clinical trials sponsored by many pharmaceutical companies including Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kowa, Eli Lilly, Meda, Mylan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, and Servier. N Papanas has been an advisory board member of TrigoCare International, Abbott, AstraZeneca, Elpen, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, and Takeda; has participated in sponsored studies by Eli Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, and Sanofi-Aventis; received honoraria as a speaker for AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Elpen, Galenica, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda, and Vianex; and attended conferences sponsored by TrigoCare International, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Aventis. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Author contribution statement

DSP searched literature and wrote the first draft; TK searched literature, interpreted and edited the manuscript; BK searched literature, interpreted and edited the manuscript; MR searched literature, interpreted and edited the manuscript; NP conceived and finalized the manuscript

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.