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Original Articles

The Race to the Bottom of the Glass? Wine, Geography, and Globalization

, &
Pages 273-287 | Published online: 20 Apr 2012
 

Abstract

The wine industry is becoming increasingly globalized as consumer demand, capital investment, and industry restructuring lead to higher volumes of trade, greater levels of multinational ownership, and the evolution of new networks of production and consumption that link the four corners of the world economy. While there are some tendencies towards increasingly homogenized and low-cost production, wine is an industry that exemplifies the complex and contradictory elements of globalization. This article outlines some key parameters of globalization drawing on empirical evidence from key cases. In particular, it focuses on the role of geography and how place and scale matter in production, marketing, and consumption. As globalization unfolds, restructuring in the wine industry is leading to the increased economic and social differentiation of rural space. The resultant geographies of place are influenced by a complex combination of local development history, national policy context, and the nature of the insertion of the given locality into global value chains for wine. As such, globalization has and will continue to produce increasingly complex and intricate geographies.

La industria del vino se ha venido globalizando cada vez más como una demanda del consumidor, inversión de capital y la restructuración de la industria da lugar a mayores volúmenes de comercio, mayores niveles de participación multinacional, y la evolución de nuevas redes de producción y consumo que unen las cuatro esquinas de la economía mundial. Mientras hay algunas tendencias hacia una producción cada vez más homogenizada y de bajo costo, el vino es una industria que ejemplifica los elementos complejos y contradictorios de la globalización. Este artículo subraya algunos parámetros claves de globalización sobre la base empírica de casos claves. Se enfoca particularmente en el rol de la geografía y cómo el lugar y la escala importan en la producción, mercadeo y consumo. A medida que la globalización evoluciona, la restructuración de la industria del vino da origen a un aumento en la diferenciación social y económica del espacio rural. Las geografías resultantes del lugar están influenciadas por una combinación compleja del desarrollo de la historia local, el contexto de la política nacional y la naturaleza de la inserción de la localidad dada, dentro de las redes del valor global para el vino. Como tal, la globalización ha producido y seguirá produciendo cada vez más complejas e intrincadas geografías.

葡萄酒产业正变得越来越全球化,消费需求、资本投入和产业结构重组都导致更高的贸易额、更扩大的跨国公司所有权以及连接世界经济各个角落的生产与消费新网络的演进。当存在日益同质化、低成本生产的一些趋势时,葡萄酒成为一种表征全球化复杂和矛盾要素的产业。本文通过引用来自关键案例的经验性证据来概括全球化的一些关键性参数。尤其是,本文关注地理扮演的角色以及地理位置和规模在生产、销售、消费中如何起作用。随着全球化的展开,葡萄酒产业的结构重组正导致乡村之间更大的经济和社会差异。其结果,一个地方的地理布局正受到当地发展的历史、国家政策背景以及特定地方纳入全球葡萄酒价值链的性质所形成复杂组合体的影响。因此,全球化已经并将继续产生更为错综复杂的地缘情况。

소비자 수요, 자본 투자, 산업재구조화가 무역량의 증대, 다국적 소유권, 전세계를 연결시키는 생산과 소비의 네트워크의 진화로 이어지면서 포도주 산업은 점차 세계화되고 있다. 점차 동질화된 저비용 생산 경향이 있지만, 포도주 산업은 세계화의 복합적이고 모순적인 요소를 잘 보여주고 있는 산업이다. 이 논문은 핵심 사례를 통하여 경험적인 증거를 가지고 세계화의 핵심적인 특성을 다룬다. 특히 지리의 역할과 생산, 마케팅과 소비에서 어떻게 장소와 규모가 문제가 되는지에 초점을 맞춘다. 지구화가 전개되면서, 포도주 산업의 구조조정이 농촌 공간의 경제적, 사회적 분화로 이어졌다. 결과적으로 공간의 지리가 지역 발전의 역사, 국가적 정책 맥락과 지역이 지구적 포도주 가치사슬에 편입되는 방식 간의 복합적인 결합에 의해서 영향을 받았다. 그 결과, 세계화는 점차 더 복잡하고 뒤얽힌 지리를 만들어 내고 있고 앞으로 더 그럴 것이다.

Notes

Other countries, including Chile, USA, and Australia, for example, are pursuing schemes of their own to define geographical origin (Banks and Sharpe, Citation2006; Brosnan Citation2007).

Vineyard area data here includes grape production for eating rather than winemaking, and this is significant in China. Nonetheless most of the increase in area can be explained by the growth of the wine industry as data on wine production matches these rates of increase (Banks and Overton, Citation2010).

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