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Articles

Dialectical Reflections on Transformations of Global Security during the Long Twentieth Century

 

Abstract

Drawing on the synthetic, open-ended dialectical approach developed in the Dialectics of World Orders Project, this article explores three global doctrinal debates (fusing ideas and policy practices) in three different periods that have shaped global security in the twentieth century. The article focuses first on a detailed examination of the system of great power balancing that opened the twentieth century, with special attention to its internal logic, inner workings (rules and practices), its internal contradictions, and how they generated a demand for greater institutionalization and the establishment of a system of collective security. The breakdown of collective security under the League is considered, and its re-emergence within the UN system (in a transformed state), and its subsequent marginalization by superpower Cold War power balancing in the post WWII period is described next. Again, the internal logic, inner workings (rules and practices), and internal contradictions of the security system of Cold War bipolarity are described, as well as how its collapse generated space for a more effective collective security system in the post-Cold War period. The current contestation over norms of intervention, the redefinition of sovereignty, power transitions, responses to transnational threats, and emergent elements of the contemporary security order are also identified. The article concludes with some reflections on insights gained from looking at global security debates through dialectical lenses.

EXTRACTO

Partiendo de lo sintético, un enfoque dialectico abierto desarrollado en la Dialéctica del Proyecto Mundial de Ordenes, este artículo explora tres debates globales doctrinales (fusionando conceptos y prácticas políticas) en tres períodos diferentes que han dado forma a la seguridad global en el siglo veinte. Este artículo primero se enfoca en un examen detallado del sistema de la gran balanza de poder - que abrió el siglo veinte, con atención especial a su lógica interna, trabajo inherente (reglas y políticas) y contradicciones internas y en cómo se creó una demanda por mayor institucionalización y el establecimiento de un sistema de seguridad colectiva. Se trata el tema del rompimiento de esta seguridad colectiva bajo la Liga y su reaparición en el sistema de las Naciones Unidas (en una versión transformada); a continuación se describe su subsecuente marginalización en el equilibrio de poder de los súper-poderes de la Guerra Fría del período post-Segunda Guerra Mundial que se describe a continuación. Una vez más, se describe la lógica interna trabajo inherente (reglas y prácticas) y contradicciones internas del sistema de seguridad de la bipolaridad de la Guerra Fría así como la forma en que su colapso generó espacio para un sistema de seguridad más efectivo en el período que siguió a la Guerra Fría. También se identifican las actuales discusiones sobre normas de intervención, redefinición de soberanía, transición del poder, respuesta a las amenazas transnacionales y elementos emergentes en el orden de la seguridad contemporánea. Este artículo concluye con algunas reflexiones sobre las percepciones alcanzadas al observar los debates de seguridad global a través de los lentes de la dialéctica.

Additional information

Thomas Biersteker is Gasteyger Professor and Director of the Programme for the Study of International Governance, The Graduate Institute, Geneva. He directed the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University from 1994 to 2006 and has also taught at Yale University and the University of Southern California. He is the author/editor/co-editor of ten books, including State sovereignty as social construct (1996), The emergence of private authority in global covernance (2002), and Targeting sanctions: The impacts and effectiveness of UN action (forthcoming 2015). His current research focuses on targeted sanctions, the emergence of transnational policy networks in global security governance, and the dialectics of world orders. He was the principal developer of SanctionsApp, a tool for iPhone and Android mobile devices created in 2013 to increase access to information and improve the quality of discourse about targeted sanctions at the UN Security Council. He received his Ph.D. and M.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his B.A. from the University of Chicago.

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