The Life and Works of Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)

Abstract

This article discusses Don Cruickshank’s career and writings on Spain’s seventeenth-century theatre and culture—particularly on Calderón, and on Golden-Age printed plays. Cruickshank also collaborated in two international Projects dedicated to cataloguing thousands of comedias sueltas preserved in archives and libraries in Spain and the USA. Two books, written with Ann Mackenzie, and unfinished when Cruickshank died, are also commented upon. Their monograph on comedias sueltas printed in Seville will hopefully be published before long. Their annotated edition of Fajardo’s previously unprinted Índice de todas las comedias impresas (1717) is now published in the Bulletin of Spanish Studies.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1 See the dedication page of a recent volume of Comedias de Agustín Moreto, product of the large-scale Research Project ‘La obra dramática de Agustín Moreto’, financed by the Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Madrid, and directed by María Luisa Lobato, Universidad de Burgos (see Comedias de Agustín Moreto. Segunda parte de comedias, dir. María Luisa Lobato, 4 vols [Kassel: Edition Reichenberger, 2013–2021], VI, dir. María Luisa Lobato, coord. Javier Rubiera [2021]).

2 Quoted from Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo’s obituary on ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 25 August 2021, n.p.; published on the website of the Asociación Internacional ‘Siglo de Oro’ (AISO); available at <https://aiso-asociacion.org/don-william-cruickshank-1942-2021-obituario-por-alejandra-ulla-lorenzo/> (accessed 1 June 2022).

3 See Luis Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, Boletín de la Biblioteca de Menéndez Pelayo, XCVII:2 (2021), 401–10 (p. 401); available at <https://publicaciones.sociedadmenendezpelayo.es/BBMP/article/view/520/413> (accessed 10 July 2023).

4 For more information on Willie’s career, see Richard Hitchcock, ‘William F. Hunter (1941–2015), BSS, XCIII:5 (2016), 881–83.

5 Following from that mini symposium at Exeter, the ‘Coloquios Anglogermanos sobre Calderón’, or ‘Hacia Calderón’, took place every three years, their location normally alternating between Germany and the United Kingdom. As the years went by, these meetings became increasingly cosmopolitan, and scholars from many countries participated. From time to time, the venue chosen was neither in Germany nor in Britain. The thirteenth ‘Coloquio Anglogermano sobre Calderón’ took place in Florence in 2002. The proceedings of the symposia were published in Germany, under the editorship, for many years, of Hans Flasche.

6 For John Varey’s seriously high opinion of German scholarship on Calderón, see his observations on the Anglo-German conferences on Calderón in his memoir ‘Alexander A. Parker’, in Hacia Calderón. Noveno Coloquio Anglogermano. Liverpool 1990, organizado por Ann L. Mackenzie, ponencias publicadas por Hans Flasche (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1991), 189–91 (p. 191).

7 See D. W. Cruickshank, ‘Calderón’s Handwriting’, Modern Language Review, LXV:1 (1970), 65–77.

8 Quoted from José María Ruano de la Haza, ‘Un colega generoso, un investigador sin par: Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, published in this Double Issue of BSS.

9 Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Comedias, A facsimile edition prepared by D. W. Cruickshank & J. E. Varey, with textual and critical studies, 19 vols (Westmead: Gregg International/London: Tamesis, 1973).

10 Edward M. Wilson & Don W. Cruickshank, Samuel Pepys’s Spanish Plays (London: The Bibliographical Society, 1980).

11 Pedro Calderón de la Barca, El médico de su honra, ed., intro. & notas de D. W. Cruickshank (Madrid: Castalia, 1981); D. W. Cruickshank, Pedro Calderón de la Barca: ‘El médico de su honra’ (London: Grant & Cutler, 2003).

12 Don’s preferred title for the original book in English was longer—to make clear its focus was on Calderón’s secular career as a dramatist. But, Cambridge University Press insisted upon a title made up solely of Don Pedro’s name. The Spanish publisher correctly accepted the title Don wished his book to have.

13 See Ulla Lorenzo, ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, n.p.

14 Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 408.

15 See José María Ruano de la Haza, ‘Entre Don Pedro Calderón y Don William Cruickshank’, in Golden-Age Essays in Honour of Don W. Cruickshank, ed., with an intro., by Martin Cunningham, Grace Magnier & Aengus Ward, BSS, XC:4–5 (2013), 461–72 (pp. 463, 464, 466 & 471).

16 See ‘The Second Part of La hija del aire’, in Golden-Age Studies in Honour of A. A. Parker, ed. Melveena McKendrick, BHS, LXI:3 (1984), 286–94; ‘Cubillo de Aragón’s La mayor venganza de honor’, in The ‘Comedia’ in the Age of Calderón. Studies in Honour of Albert Sloman, ed., with an intro., by Ann L. Mackenzie, BHS, LXX:1 (1993), 121–34; Calderón’s Amor, honor y poder and the Prince of Wales, 1623’, in Calderón 1600–1681: Quatercentenary Studies in Memory of John E. Varey, ed., with an intro., by Ann L. Mackenzie, BHS, LXXVII:1 (2000) 75–99; ‘All Done with Mirrors: Calderonian Experiments in Staging’, in Golden-Age Essays in Commemoration of A. A. Parker, ed., with an intro., by Terence O’Reilly & Jeremy Robbins, BSS, LXXXV:6 (2008), 17–30; ‘Two Alleged Calderón-Moreto Collaborations’, in Theatre, Culture and History in Spain: Studies and Researches in Honour of Ann L. Mackenzie, ed. James Whiston & Ceri Byrne, with guest editor Jeremy Robbins, BSS, XCII:8–10 (2015), 311–31.

17 Don W. Cruickshank, ‘ “Reducir a estilo noble y cortés el hurtar”: Calderón’s Luis Pérez el gallego’, in ‘Fortiter Sed Suaviter’: Hispanic Studies and Researches in Honour and Memory of Graeme Davies, ed., with an intro., by Ann L. Mackenzie & Ceri Byrne, BSS, C (2023; forthcoming); available online at <https://doi.org/10.1080/14753820.2018.1452449>.

18 See Don W. Cruickshank, Calderón and the ‘Conclusión defendida por un soldado del campo de Tarragona’ (1641): Commentary and Edition, BSS, XCVIII:4 (2021), 499–525.

19 Don Cruickshank, review of Edwin Honig, Calderón and the Seizures of Honor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard U. P., 1972), BHS, LII:2 (1975), 167–68 (p. 167).

20 Don W. Cruickshank, review of Pedro Calderón de la Barca & Antonio Coello, Yerros de naturaleza y aciertos de la fortuna, ed. crítica, con intro., de Erik Coenen (Kassel: Edition Reichenberger, 2019), BSS, XCVII:2 (2020), 273–75 (pp. 274–75).

21 For Don Cruickshank’s review of Reynolds and Szmuk’s bibliography of dissertations, see BHS (Glasgow), LXXVI:5 (1999), 708–09.

22 For Don Cruickshank’s review of this work, see BHS (Glasgow), LXXVIII:5 (2001), 650–51 (p. 651).

23 See, for Don W. Cruickshank’s review of Urzáiz Tortajada’s book and my quotations from it, BSS, LXXXII:5 (2005), 693–94 (p. 693). See also the final paragraph of Don Cruickshank’s ‘Introduction’ to our annotated edition of Fajardo’s Índice, where our debt to Urzáiz’s indispensable reference work is also recorded.

24 Golden-Age Essays in Honour of Don W. Cruickshank, ed. Cunningham, Magnier & Ward; for the full reference, see above, note 15.

25 Publications resulting from this Hispanic Research Bibliographies Project have included: Margaret A. Rees, The Nineteenth-Century Theatre in Spain. A Bibliography of Criticism and Documentation, BHS, LXXVIII, Supplement (2001) [also published as a book (Abingdon: Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2001)]; and Phillip B. Thomason & Ceri Byrne, The Eighteenth-Century Theatre in Spain. A Bibliography of Criticism and Documentation, BSS, LXXXII:7 (2005) [also published as a book (Abingdon: Routledge, 2007)].

26 I understand that in some versions of this saying the word used is ‘sheep’ not ‘ship’. See, however, Brewer’s Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, revised by Ivor H. Evans, 14^th ed. (London: Cassell Publishers, 1989): ‘Losing, or spoiling a ship for a ha’porth of tar’ (p. 1012).

27 These reasons are explained elsewhere; see, for instance, the ‘Editorial Preface' and Ann L. Mackenzie, ‘The Next Century: The Bulletin Goes Forward’, BSS, LXXIX:1 (2002), 1–6; 7–32.

28 The other part-time Leverhulme research fellow for the Project was Dr Patricia McDermott, Honorary Research Fellow, University of Leeds.

29 These quotations are taken from the objects of The Bulletin of Spanish Studies Trust, laid down in the Declaration of Trust document, dated 22 May 2013, by which it is governed.

30 Email from Don Cruickshank, University College Dublin, to Ann Mackenzie, University of Glasgow, dated 16 January 2002. Evidently, Don had talked to ‘Charles Benson (Head of Old Books, Trinity [i.e., TCD]’, and had been told that TCD would be ‘very interested’ [in acquiring them].

31 After eight years as Principal of Glasgow University (1995–2003), Sir Graeme Davies, who died on 30 August 2022, went on to be Vice-Chancellor of the University of London (2003–2011). Despite many other higher education commitments, he found the time to serve as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of The Bulletin of Spanish Studies between 2002 and 2022. A Double Issue of this journal, titled ‘Fortiter Sed Suaviter’: Hispanic Studies and Researches in Honour and Memory of Graeme Davies, is due to appear in 2023–2024.

32 See Cruickshank, Don Pedro Calderón, especially pp. 273–75.

33 Quoted from Ruano de la Haza, ‘Un colega generoso, un investigador sin par: Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’.

34 Cited from Ulla Lorenzo’s obituary on ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, n.p. (see above, note 2). Luis Iglesias Feijoo’s observation was made in an email he sent to Ann Mackenzie on 13 December 2021.

35 Quoted from an email sent to Ann Mackenzie by Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo on the date given above.

36 For the published version of this lecture, see D. W. Cruickshank, ‘Chipped Old Blocks and Battered Old Type: Piracy in Golden-Age Spain’, in Illustration and Ornamentation in the Iberian Book World, 1450–1800, ed. Alexander S. Wilkinson (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 187–208.

37 Ulla Lorenzo, ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, n.p.

38 Ulla Lorenzo, ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021), n.p.

39 See Szilvia E. Szmuk-Tanenbaum & Mackenzie S. Zalin, ‘Where Comedias Sueltas Go to Be Discovered’, Bulletin of the Comediantes, 73:1 (2021), 13–32.

40 Don W. Cruickshank, ‘Some Problems Posed by suelta Editions of Plays’, in Editing the ‘Comedia’ II, ed. Michael McGaha & Frank P. Casa, Michigan Romance Studies, XI (1991), 97–123 (p. 120); quoted by Szmuk-Tanenbaum & Zalin, in ‘Where Comedias Sueltas Go to Be Discovered’, 15.

41 Szmuk-Tanenbaum & Zalin, ‘Where Comedias Sueltas Go to Be Discovered’, 21. See also D. W. Cruickshank, ‘Four Editions of Cada uno para sí: A Bibliographic Challenge’, 4 March 2016; available at Comedias Sueltas: Survey of Spanish Comedias Sueltas Printed before 1834 in the Collections of US Libraries, <https://www.comediassueltasusa.org/essays/four-editions/> (accessed 8 July 2022).

42 Szmuk-Tanenbaum & Zalin, ‘Where Comedias Sueltas Go to Be Discovered’, 25–26.

43 Germán Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, Bulletin of the Comediantes, 73:1 (2021), 7–10 (p. 9).

44 Email to Ann Mackenzie from Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo, dated 18 November 2021.

45 Ulla Lorenzo, ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, n.p.

46 See Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 9.

47 Quoted from the obituary written by Santiago Fernández Mosquera on ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021). Semblanza’, dated 21 August 2021, n.p.; published on the website of the Asociación Internacional ‘Siglo de Oro’ (AISO): available at <https://aiso-asociacion.org/don-william-cruickshank-1942-2021-semblanza-por-santiago-fernandez-mosquera/> (accessed 7 July 2022).

48 Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 407.

49 ‘En fin, al menos Don acabó de preparar la Parte Octava de Comedias de Calderón, en la colección que dirigía yo en la Biblioteca Castro, donde él publicó la Parte Tercera’ (taken from an email by Luis Iglesias Feijoo to Ann Mackenzie, dated 13 December 2021).

50 Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 407.

51 See Ulla Lorenzo, ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, n.p.

52 Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 7.

53 Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 7.

54 The BNE has fairly recently had this sole manuscript copy digitized; so scholars needing to consult the text in the form that Fajardo wrote it, can do so online at <http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000012920&page=1> (last accessed 22 March 2023).

55 Email from Don W. Cruickshank to Ann Mackenzie, dated 2 December 2020.

56 See Elizabeth R. Wright, ‘Prologue’, Bulletin of the Comediantes, 73:1 (2021), 5–6 (p. 6).

57 Ulla Lorenzo, ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, n.p.

58 Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 408.

59 Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 409–10.

60 Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 10.

61 I was preparing an annotated edition of Peers’ unpublished memoirs, with the then University archivist at Liverpool, Adrian Allan. For more on Peers and his memoirs, see my comments below, and note 74.

62 For information on Cristóbal de Avendaño, see Genealogía, origen y noticias de los comediantes de España, ed. N. D. Shergold & J. E. Varey (London: Tamesis, 1985), especially p. 43, I, 2, and pp. 368–69, II, 14. See also Hannah E. Bergman, Luis Quiñones de Benavente y sus entremeses (Madrid: Castalia, 1965), 462.

63 These quotations are taken from Don Cruickshank’s letter to Ann Mackenzie, dated 28 February 1992. The reference to Genealogía is clarified in note 62.

64 Quoted from a letter from Don Cruickshank sent to Ann Mackenzie, 3 July 1992.

65 Ann L. Mackenzie, ‘Comedia[s] de Lope Vol. II. A Unique Volume of Early comedias sueltas in Liverpool University’s Sydney Jones Library’, in The ‘Comedia’ in the Age of Calderón. Studies in Honour of Albert Sloman, ed., with an intro., by Ann L. Mackenzie, BHS, LXX:1 (1993), 17–35.

66 See, for instance, Wilson & Cruickshank, Samuel Pepys’s Spanish Plays, Chapter II [by DWC], ‘Printing and the Book Trade in Seville up to 1700’, 5–39.

67 See Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 8.

68 Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 405.

69 Letter from Ann Mackenzie to Don Cruickshank, 26 February 1993. Don had said much the same thing in an earlier letter to me: ‘The last time I did something like this was on the Pepys volume back in the 70s’; and ‘I take it that our approximate model for all of this is the Pepys volume’ (16 February 1993).

70 Ulla Lorenzo, ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, n.d.

71 Letter from Ann Mackenzie to Don Cruickshank, dated 26 February 1993. The betaradiographs were to take at least two years to obtain, through the John Rylands Library at Manchester University. By then, Don also wanted radiographs of the pasted-down leaves of the binding of the volume L57.13 (by then disbound), in case these leaves had watermarks that could assist with dating the sueltas or, if not, the binding of the volume; it was otherwise impossible to be sure when the volume had been bound. Some, but not all, specialists consulted believed that the binding could have been done in the late seventeenth, rather than in the eighteenth century.

72 Mentioned in a letter sent from Don Cruickshank to Ann Mackenzie, dated c.mid January 1995 in which he enclosed an undated sheet which he titled ‘SUGGESTIONS FOR DEALING WITH WATERMARKS IN L57.13’.

73 The observations quoted are taken from letters sent by Don Cruickshank to Ann Mackenzie, dated 3 July 1993 and 19 August 1993.

74 See E. Allison Peers, Redbrick University Revisited. The Autobiography of ‘Bruce Truscot’, ed., with intro., commentary & notes, by Ann L. Mackenzie & Adrian R. Allan (Liverpool: Liverpool U. P., 1996), 520 pp. I record with sadness the recent death of Adrian Allan on 21 June 2022. For a memoir by a former colleague at Liverpool, see Margaret Procter, ‘Adrian Allan (1942–2022)’, Archives and Records, 43:3 (2022), 350–53.

75 See, e.g., The Republic Besieged: Civil War in Spain 1936–1939, ed., with a preface & intro., by Paul Preston & Ann L. Mackenzie (Edinburgh: Edinburgh U. P., 1996); ‘De Moretiana Fortuna’: estudios sobre el teatro de Agustín Moreto, ed. María Luisa Lobato & Ann L. Mackenzie, BSS, LXXXV:7–8 (2008); and Modelos de teatro cómico en el Siglo de Oro, ed. cuidada por Ignacio Arellano & Ann L. Mackenzie, BSS, XCIV:4 (2017).

76 Spain and Its Literature: Essays in Memory of E. Allison Peers, ed., with an intro., by Ann L. Mackenzie (Liverpool: Liverpool U. P./London: MHRA, 1997); ‘The Lyf So Short, the Craft So Long to Lerne’: Studies in Modern Hispanic Literature, History and Culture in Memory of James Whiston, ed. C. Alex Longhurst, Ann L. Mackenzie & Ceri Byrne, BSS, XCV:9–10 (2018).

77 See ‘The Publications (1968–2012) of Don W. Cruickshank’, in Golden-Age Essays in Honour of Don W. Cruickshank, ed. Cunningham, Magnier & Ward, 453–59; and, in the present BSS Double Issue, Ceri Byrne, ‘The Publications of Don W. Cruickshank (2013–2023)’.

78 Cruickshank, Pedro Calderón de la Barca: ‘El médico de su honra’ (see above, note 11); Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Tercera parte de comedias, ed., con intro., de D. W. Cruickshank (Madrid: Fundación José Antonio de Castro, 2007).

79 Letter from Don Cruickshank to Ann Mackenzie, dated 28 September 1999.

80 Don puts on record his gratitude to the IRCHSS for funding his work on Calderón’s biography (see his ‘Preface’, in Cruickshank, Don Pedro Calderón, xiii–xviii [p. xvii]).

81 Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 408.

82 I published articles on a couple of the plays in the ‘Liverpool’ volume that specially interested me. See, for instance, Ann L. Mackenzie, ‘ “A Dramatist in His Own Right”: Juan Pérez de Montalbán and the Authorship of Los desprecios en quien ama’, in Spanish Theatre: Studies in Honour of Victor F. Dixon, ed. Kenneth Adams, Ciaran Cosgrove & James Whiston (London: Tamesis, 2001), 111–28.

83 See La primera versión de ‘La vida es sueño’, de Calderón, ed. crítica, intro. & notas de J. M. Ruano de la Haza (Liverpool: Liverpool U. P., 1992). With Germán Vega García-Luengos and Don Cruickshank as his collaborators, Ruano would go on to publish, again through Liverpool University Press, a critical edition of La segunda version de ‘La vida es sueño’, de Calderón, ed., intro. & notas de Germán Vega García-Luengos, Don W. Cruickshank & J. M. Ruano de la Haza (Liverpool: Liverpool U. P., 2000).

84 There is a copy of the same suelta of La ventura de la fea in the British Library; but it is incomplete. See Antonio Mira de Amescua, La ventura de la fea, intro., ed. & notas de Pedro Correa, in Antonio Mira de Amescua, Teatro completo, ed. coordinada por Agustín de la Granja, Vol. IV (Granada: Univ de Granada/Diputación de Granada, 2004), 565–666.

85 Quoted from an email sent to Ann Mackenzie, University of Glasgow, from Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, dated 18 November 2021.

86 See Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 7. The discovery of an early (probably the first) edition of El castigo sin venganza is discussed in Alejandro García-Reidy, Ramón Valdés Gázquez & Germán Vega García-Luengos, ‘Una nueva edición (¿princeps?) de El castigo sin venganza’, in Los primeros años del teatro comercial en España y el primer Lope (1560–1598), ed. Daniel Fernández Rodríguez, Anuario Lope de Vega. Texto, Literatura, Cultura, 27 (2021), 270–329. For comments on that rare suelta of Lope’s El castigo sin venganza and on Vega García-Luengos’ recent rediscovery of a unique suelta of Lope’s Yo he hecho lo que he podido, see, in Cruickshank and Mackenzie’s edition of Fajardo’s Índice, published here, the entries for these plays, and notes 262 and 1649.

87 Ulla Lorenzo’s collaboration with me has been facilitated by Don’s family who have handed over all the notes and drafts, photocopies and microfilms relating to The ‘Comedia’ in Seville 1620–1650 which he had saved among his papers or on his computer.

88 Email from Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo to Ann Mackenzie, dated 9 March 2022.

89 See Francisco Medel del Castillo, Francisco, Índice general alfabético de todos los títulos de comedias, que se han escrito por varios autores, antiguos y modernos (Madrid: Alfonso de Mora, 1735). Reprinted [without annotations] by John M. Hill, in Revue Hispanique, 75 (1929), 144–369.

90 Cayetano Alberto de la Barrera y Leirado, ‘Noticia de varios índices de comedias, autos, entremeses’, in his Catálogo bibliográfico y biográfico del teatro antiguo español desde sus orígenes hasta mediados del siglo XVIII (Madrid: Rivadeneyra, 1860); ed. facsímil (Madrid: Gredos, 1969), xi–xiii (p. xi). La Barrera states categorically, about the one surviving manuscript of Fajardo’s Índice, ‘[e]l manuscrito no es autógrafo’ (xi).

91 See email from Luis Iglesias Feijoo to Ann Mackenzie, dated 13 December 2021.

92 See Cruickshank, ‘Preface’, in Don Pedro Calderón, xiv–xv.

93 Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021), 9.

94 The exact number of footnotes to the alphabetical Índice de comedias as edited by Cruickshank and Mackenzie is 1,651. But 2 notes were added to Fajardo's ‘Advertencias al que leyere'. Fajardo's ‘Libros que se citan en la presente obra' has been provided with 12 notes. And a further 47 notes have been supplied to Cruickshank & Mackenzie's ‘Fajardo's Libros que se citan en la presente obra: A Revised and Amplified Bibliography’. So the total number of notes keyed to our complete edition of the Índice stands at 1,712.

95 These quotations are taken from the email from Don Cruickshank to Ann Mackenzie, dated 17 September 2020.

96 Email [and attached draft (67,000 words) of the Fajardo edition] from Don Cruickshank to Ann Mackenzie, dated 2 December 2020.

97 Quoted from his previously mentioned email to Ann Mackenzie, dated 17 September 2020.

98 La Barrera, Catálogo bibliográfico y biográfico; see his ‘Noticia de varios índices de comedias, autos, entremeses’, xi.

99 Francisco Medel del Castillo, Índice general alfabético de todos los títulos de comedias, que se han escrito por varios autores, antiguos y modernos (Madrid: Alfonso de Mora, 1735); reprinted by John M. Hill in Revue Hispanique, 75 (1929), 144–369 (cited from Hill's preface, pp. 144–45).

100 Quoted from Don Cruickshank’s email to Ann Mackenzie, dated 17 September 2020.

101 See D. W. Cruickshank, ‘Juan Isidro Fajardo’s Índice de todas las comedias impresas hasta el año de 1716’, in A Stubborn Ghost: Essays in Honor of Henry W. Sullivan, ed. Raúl A. Galoppe (New York: Peter Lang, 2023).

102 Ruano de la Haza, ‘Un colega generoso, un investigador sin par: Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021)’; Fernández Mosquera, ‘Don William Cruickshank (1942–2021). Semblanza’, n.p.; Iglesias Feijoo, ‘In memoriam: Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 409; Vega García-Luengos, ‘Don W. Cruickshank (1942–2021)’, 7 & 9.