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Original Articles

Montengón's El Mirtilo in its Eighteenth-Century Context

Pages 37-46 | Published online: 21 Sep 2007
 

Notes

1. All references are to this edition.

2. Several details suggest an autobiographical basis for the portrait of Mirtilo. The shepherd, for example, claims he was born in Valencia and educated in Naples (28), while Montengón, born in Alicante, was educated in Valencia, and later in the Italian city of Ferrara. Montengón wrote four plays of a Molière-like cast that he could not get published in the period just before the composition of El Mirtilo; see Maurizio Fabbri, Un aspetto dell'Illuminismo spagnolo: l'opera letteraria di Pedro Montengon (Pisa: Libreria Goliardica, 1972), 16–17.

3. ‘Sobre el buen gusto en materias de ciencias y artes liberales’, in Frioleras eruditas y curiosas (Madrid: Atlas, 1944), p. 179.

4. ‘Primeramente se mezcla [el Buen Gusto] en las producciones que dependen de la inteligencia, y de la industria, y luego entra en las acciones de la voluntad. En todas ellas importa mucho al hombre el discernir lo mejor: porque teniendo formada una justa idéa de ello, nos es yá mucho mas fácil el arreglar la conducta de la vida, ò economica, ò politica, y no solo el apurar lo mas fino y delicado de las Ciencias, y de las Artes, sino tambien el componer nuestras acciones y pensamientos, de suerte que no sean desagradables à Dios, y que cooperemos à las gracias, y luces que nos baxan del Cielo’ (Reflexiones sobre el buen gusto en las ciencias y en las artes, tr. Juan Sempere y Guarinos [Madrid: Antonio de Sancha, 1782], 14–15).

5. Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, ‘Oración sobre la necesidad de unir el estudio de la literatura al de las ciencias’ [1794], Obras en prosa, ed. José Caso González (Madrid: Castalia, 1969), p. 213.

6. Already by mid-century one writer derided his contemporaries for idolizing it: ‘Esta clase, pues, de nuestros Criticos es la que consideramos por mas rendida y acerrima benedora de este idolo GUSTO, y la que le tributa todos sus omenages y respetos …’; ‘han querido atribuir nuestros Criticos de primer orden á su soberano faborito el Gusto’ (Juan López de Sedano, El Belianís literario [Madrid: Joaquín Ibarra, 1765], pp. 6–7 and 8; underlining textual). One could further cite the ‘Visita del Buen gusto á Apolo por Don Yo’, that appeared in the Correo de Madrid, VI (1790), 2619–23, and numerous additional articles in vol. VII (1790) of the same journal. In the same trajectory lies Genaro Figueroa, Análisis del buen gusto (Coruña: Oficina del Exacto Correo, 1813).

7. Obras de Anacreonte, tr. Joseph y Bernabé Canga Argüelles (Madrid: Sancha, 1795), unnumb. p. Manuel Esteban de Villegas' previous translation appeared in 1618.

8. M. A. Rodríguez Fernández, ‘Discurso del traductor sobre la poesía pastoral’, Idilios de Salomon Gessner en castellano (Madrid: Sancha, 1799), iv-v. For the importance of Garcilaso and Fr. Luis de León to eighteenth-century poets, see Joaquín Arce, La poesía del siglo ilustrado (Madrid: Alhambra, 1981), 105–41. One may also take note of the parallel concerns of a transplanted Frenchman attempting to write a volume of pastoral verse in Portuguese at the same time as Montengón: ‘Vendo, que em todas Nações, e tempos os Poetas bucolicos fizeraõ naõ só, que os seus Pastores fossem naturaes nas suas ideias, singelos nos seus discurssos, mas que os obrigaraõ constantemente a serem simplices até na propria linguagem, cuja pureza nunca perderaõ de vista … Conhecendo a precisaõ da sã linguagem, e proprio estilo nas poesias campestres; assentei, em que Myrtillo havia de escrever à sua desgraçada Lyra as magoas, que soffria ausente da Pastora amada, com a fraze de Bernardim, de Fr. Bernardo, de Francisco Rodrigues Lobo, e dos mais, que com os versos octavos a fazem mais corrente’ (Luis Rafael Soyé, Cartas pastoris de Myrtillo escritas à sua lyra na ausencia da pastora Anarda, 2 vols; I [Lisboa: Felippe da Silva e Azevedo, 1787], 16—17).

9. Hugh Blair, ‘Poesía pastoral’, in Lecciones sobre la retórica y las bellas letras, tr. José Luis Munárriz, 4 vols; III (Madrid: García y Cía., 1800), 357–58.

10. See op. cit., Ix–Ixi.

11. Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux, Dissertation sur la Joconde. Arrest Burlesque. Traité du Sublime (Paris: Société Les Belles Lettres, 1942), at p. 45. My discussion is indebted to Samuel H. Monk, The Sublime (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1960), ch. 2 and passim.

12. See Fabbri, op. cit., p. 133.

13. It is the thesis of Bruno M. Damiani's book, ‘La Dianaof Montemayor as Social and Religious Teaching (Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1983).

14. Santiago García-Sáez, Montengón, un prerromántico de la Ilustración (Alicante: Caja de Ahorros Provincial de la Excma. Diputación, 1974), p. 91.

15. See Fabbri, op. cit., p. 44.

16. See Fabbri, op. cit., 62–70; and Emilio Alarcos Llorach, ‘El senequismo de Montengón’, in Ensayos y estudios literarios (Madrid: Ediciones Júcar, 1976), 27–36.

17. See Damiani, op. cit., ch. 3.

18. See Muratori, Reflexiones, 10–11.

19. It is a theme often portrayed in painting, especially after Poussin's Et in Arcadia ego (c. 1630–35). See Erwin Panofsky, ‘Et in Arcadia ego. On the Conception of Transience in Poussin and Watteau’, in Philosophy and History. Essays Presented to Ernst Cassirer, eds. Raymond Klibansky and J. J. Paton (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936), 223–54.

20. I am grateful to Professor Dr Wido Hempel for helpful criticisms of an earlier version of this paper.

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