https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-8886
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ABSTRACT
Background
The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is used in the Japanese National Immunization Program for older adults and adults with increased risk for pneumococcal disease, however, disease incidence and associated burden remain high. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) for adults aged 65 years and high-risk adults aged 60–64 years in Japan.
Research design and methods
Using a Markov model, we evaluated lifetime costs using societal and healthcare payer perspectives and estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and number of prevented cases and deaths caused by invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-IPD. The base case analysis used a societal perspective.
Results
In comparison with PPSV23, the 20-valent PCV (PCV20) prevented 127 IPD cases 10,813 non-IPD cases (inpatients: 2,461, outpatients: 8,352) and 226 deaths, and gained more QALYs (+0.0015 per person) with less cost (-JPY22,513 per person). All sensitivity and scenario analyses including a payer perspective analysis indicated that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were below the cost-effectiveness threshold value in Japan (JPY5 million/QALY).
Conclusions
PCV20 is both cost saving and more effective than PPSV23 for adults aged 65 years and high-risk adults aged 60–64 years in Japan.
Declaration of interest
S Nakamura declares that he receives honoraria from Pfizer Japan Inc., for delivering promotional lectures and a consultation fee. M Mikami, T Hayamizu, N Yonemoto, and K Kamei are employees of Pfizer Japan Inc., and J Vietri is an employee of Pfizer Inc. C Crossan, C Moyon, M Gouldson, Y Onishi, M Nomoto, and F Khrouf are employees of Putnam. Putnam was paid by Pfizer Japan Inc. for conducting the study and medical writing support. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or material discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
Reviewer disclosures
Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.
Author contributions
All authors have substantially contributed to the conception, design, and execution of this study. In addition, all authors have substantially contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the study findings. Finally, all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Ataru Igarashi of Department of Public Health, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, and Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo for providing valuable scientific advice. The authors also thank Yoshie Onishi, Mariko Nomoto, and Fatma Khrouf of Putnam, who conducted targeted literature reviews and desk research to inform model input parameters for Japanese healthcare setting.
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2024.2350246