Consequences of routine delivery at 38 weeks for A-2 gestational diabetes

Abstract

Objective. To report our intrapartum experience with routine delivery at 38 weeks of gestation of A-2 diabetic pregnancies requiring primarily oral hypoglycemic therapy.

Methods. This retrospective study consisted of 143 consecutive women with gestational diabetes not controlled with diet alone (A-2). Each underwent a routine trial of labor at 38 weeks of gestation. The preinduction condition of the cervix, need for oxytocin, and primary cesarean rates were primary endpoints. For comparison, a control group during that same period consisted of 137 consecutive diet-controlled diabetic (A-1) pregnancies with the same eligibility criteria who underwent expectant management at 38 weeks.

Results. The study group was more likely to have an unfavorable cervix (75% versus 45%; p < 0.001) and to require oxytocin (76% versus 56%; p < 0.001). Early onset meconium was less common in the study group (3.5% versus 13.1%; p < 0.01). Primary cesarean rates were low and not different between the study and control groups (12.7% versus 11.7%; p < 0.8). The only stillbirth was in the control group and was associated with a tight double nuchal cord encirclement. Mean birth weights and the frequency of birth weights > 4000 g were not different between groups. Shoulder dystocia, low Apgar scores, and admissions to the special care nursery were infrequent in either group. No respiratory difficulties requiring resuscitation or prolonged nursery care were encountered.

Conclusion. Routine delivery at 38 weeks in an A-2 diabetic population is not associated with additional intrapartum morbidity or a greater need for cesarean delivery.

Keywords:

• Gestational diabetes
• labor induction
• expectant management
• cesarean delivery