Effect of different degrees of glucose intolerance on maternal and perinatal outcomes

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the effect of markedly elevated 50-g glucose loading test (GLT) (≥200 mg/dL) and equivocal 100-g GLT (one abnormal value) results on maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Methods. Retrospective analysis of 2029 singleton pregnancies screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternal and perinatal outcomes in five different groups with different degrees of glucose intolerance were compared. First group consisted of patients with normal 50-g test, second group was formed by patients with abnormal 50-g glucose test but a normal 100-g test. Third group included patients with one abnormal value after 100-g test. Patients in the fourth group were diagnosed to have GDM after an abnormal 100-g test. Patients in the fifth group had a value ≥200 mg/dL after 50-g test and were diagnosed to have GDM.

Results. Macrosomia and large for gestational age incidence were highest in the group with one elevated glucose tolerance test (GTT) value. Hospitalisation rates, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia and polycythemia were more common in neonates born to mothers with one elevated GTT value and to mothers with a GLT > 200 mg/dL.

Conclusion. Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with one elevated GTT value and in patients with a GLT value > 200 mg/dL warrant close glucose monitoring and treatment in these groups even in the absence of a diagnostic abnormal GTT.

Keywords:

• Gestational diabetes mellitus
• glucose intolerance
• maternal outcome
• perinatal outcome