Emergency caesarean for intrapartum fetal compromise and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit at term is more influenced by fetal weight than the cerebroplacental ratio

Abstract

Objective: Some studies have suggested that the fetal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) is an independent predictor of intrapartum fetal compromise and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at term particularly in small for gestational age (SGA) compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the CPR and emergency caesarean for intrapartum fetal compromise (CS IFC) and NICU admission at term after adjusting for estimated fetal weight (EFW) and other confounding factors.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of women who birthed at the Mater Mother’s Hospital in Brisbane, Australia between for women who birthed between January 2000 and April 2017. The CPR was measured within 2 weeks of birth in women that delivered at term and assessed for correlation with CS IFC and admission to NICU. The study cohort was also stratified into four categories according to EFW and CPR thresholds. Appropriate for gestational age (EFW ≥10th centile) and normal CPR (≥10th centile), AGA and low CPR (<10th centile), SGA (EFW <10th centile) and normal CPR and SGA and low CPR.

Results: Both CPR <10th centile (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.60, 95% CI 1.82–3.71, p < .001) and EFW <10th centile (aOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.85–3.74, p < .001) demonstrated significant associations with CS IFC. EFW <10th centile (aOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.61–3.09, p < .001) but not CPR <10th centile (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 0.99–2.01, p = .06) was predictive of NICU admission. When stratified according to EFW and CPR thresholds, SGA had significant odds ratios for CS IFC and NICU admission regardless of CPR status. However, the AGA and low CPR cohort was only at increased risk of CS IFC (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.30–3.34, p = .002) but not of admission to NICU.

Conclusions: At term, the CPR is an independent risk factor for CS IFC regardless of fetal weight. However, the CPR was only predictive of NICU admission in an SGA cohort. Overall, our findings suggest that fetal size is a more important variable for both CS IFC and NICU admission.

Keywords:

• Cerebroplacental ratio
• emergency caesarean
• fetal growth restriction
• neonatal intensive care unit
• small for gestational age

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge research support by the Mater Foundation.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.