IL-1β and IL-10 gene polymorphisms in women with gestational diabetes

Abstract

Aims

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance occurring in pregnant women. In the GDM pathogenesis, the low-grade inflammation plays a significant role. Various inflammatory mediators are considered to be risk factors leading to GDM development including cytokines. Studies suggest that some cytokines such as: IL-1β and IL-10 play an important role in GDM pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between IL-1β rs16944, and IL-10 rs1800872 gene polymorphisms and GDM.

Methods

This study included 204 pregnant women with GDM and 207 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. The diagnosis of GDM was based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test administered at 24–28 weeks’ gestation. Among the pregnant women with GDM, 152 (75%) were treated with diet control alone throughout the pregnancy, whereas the remaining 52 (25%) were treated with diet control and insulin until delivery.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of IL-1β rs16944 and IL-10 rs1800872 between GDM and healthy women. However among women treated with insulin, we observed the increased frequency of IL-1β rs16944 AA genotype carriers. Additionally, we observed increased daily insulin requirement in women with IL-1β rs16944 AA genotype. Moreover, women with IL-10 rs1800872 AA genotype had higher body mass and BMI before pregnancy as well as higher body mass and BMI increase during pregnancy.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest the association between IL-1β rs16944 AA genotype and increased frequency of the need of insulin treatment as well as increased daily insulin requirement.

Keywords:

• Gestational diabetes
• interleukin-1
• interleukin-10
• polymorphism

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional Research Committee at the Pomeranian Medical University and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

The project was financed by the Minister of Science and Higher Education in the “Regional Initiative of Excellence” Program, in years 2019–2022 [NR 002/RID/2018/19].