The impact of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on susceptibility to gestational diabetes in Iranian population

Abstract

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized as a common metabolic disorder during pregnancy which is associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Genetic predisposition could contribute to the development of GDM.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study to inspect the impact of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism on GDM susceptibility in Iranian population. The population consisted of 149 pregnant women with GDM as cases, and 138 healthy pregnant women without any history of GDM as controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was applied to determine the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the cases and controls in terms of age (p = .005), BMI (p < .001), family history of gestational diabetes (p < .001), FBS (p = .001), TG (p ≤ .001), and HDL (p = .003). However, no significant differences were observed in TC (p = .078) and LDL (p = .062). There were significant differences between GSTM1 polymorphism (Null and present) in the case and controls groups [OR (95% CI); 2.3 (1.4–3.7), p < .001]. The distribution of GSTM1-null genotype was found to be significantly higher in GDM patients (68.6%) than the control group (48.5%). No significant variance was detected between GSTT1 polymorphism (Null and present) in the case and controls groups [OR (95% CI); 1.1 (0.6–1.6), p = .088]. The frequency of GSTM1 null/GSTT1 null [OR (95% CI); 2.7 (1.2–5.2), p = .01] and GSTM1 null/GSTT1 present [OR (95% CI); 2.6 (1.4–4.8), p = .002] genotypes significantly differed between the GDM and control groups.

Conclusion

It seems that GSTM1 null genotype might be considered as GDM risk factor in Iranian population.

Keywords:

• Gestational diabetes
• oxidative stress
• glutathione s-transferases
• polymorphism

Acknowledgments

The present manuscript was adapted from project No.33-2467 approved by the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The authors would like to thank Dr. Nasrin Shokrpour for editorial assistance

Ethical approval

“All procedures performed in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.”

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contributions

NMN: study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, literature search, generation of figures, and writing of the manuscript; MHD: study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, and literature search; BNJ, NC, and FC: data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, literature search, generation of tables and writing of the manuscript. All authors were involved in writing the paper and had final approval of the submitted and published versions

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by project No. [1396-01-01-15946].