Some problems in the study of the origin of neotropical biodiversity using palaeoecological and molecular phylogenetic evidence

Abstract

This study contends that progress in the understanding of the origin and maintenance of extant neotropical biodiversity by means of empirical evidence is hampered by the persistence of anachronistic conceptual approaches, notably the adherence to closed paradigms or ruling theories. The topic is discussed from three main perspectives: (1) the tendency to shift from one paradigm to another, (2) the use and abuse of broad generalizations from a single or a few case studies and (3) the use of inadequate phylogenetic dating (usually crown dating alone) for a sound appraisal of diversification timing. The origin of neotropical biodiversity is a complex subject that requires an open-minded attitude to be fully captured. The solution proposed is fairly easy, somewhat trivial, and rooted in the classical multiple working hypotheses (MWH) approach. The MWH seeks to explore any explanation possible for observed phenomena and develop every testable hypothesis in relation to their possible causes. The MWH approach promotes thoroughness, suggests lines of inquiry that might otherwise be overlooked and develops the habit of parallel and complex thought that, unfortunately, is not fully developed in the empirical study of neotropical biodiversity.

Key words:

• biodiversity
• complexity
• diversification drivers
• extinction
• Neotropics
• paradigms
• speciation

Acknowledgements

This research has been supported by projects BIOCON 2008-031, funded by the BBVA Foundation, and CGL2009-07069/BOS, funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain.

Associate Editor: Nadia Bystriakova