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Abstract
In recent decades numerous findings, mostly from the Early Cretaceous of China, have changed traditional conceptions about the diversity and evolution of the most ancient Aves. Findings of Mesozoic birds in Russia are extremely rare. Here we describe a new bird from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian, Ilekskaya Svita) Shestakovo-1 locality (southern Western Siberia, Russia), that has also yielded dinosaurs, mammals, crocodiles, pterosaurs and lizards. Mystiornis cyrili gen. et sp. nov. is based on an isolated metatarsus which displays a mosaic of morphological features allowing us to create a new order, Mystiornithiformes. Mystiornis has a fully consolidated (ornithurine-like) gracile metatarsus with a primitive coplanar arrangement of the metatarsals, three separate proximal articular facets, and a uniquely located distal interosseal canal. It also displays diving adaptations previously documented only in Ornithurae.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Zhou Zhonghe, Xu Xing and Corwin Sullivan for data on Cretaceous birds and dinosaurs from China, Evgenia Baikina for help in making the map, Jingmai O’Connor for useful comments and correction of the English, and Gareth Dyke for correction of the English and for the invitation to submit our paper to the meeting and volume dedicated to the memory of Cyril Walker. This research was supported by Grant No. 10-04-00575 of the Russian Fund for Basic Research.