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Articles

The erosion of right livelihood: counter-educational aspects of the commodification of mindfulness practice

Pages 177-189 | Received 01 Feb 2016, Accepted 01 Apr 2016, Published online: 01 Jul 2016
 

ABSTRACT

The links between education, therapy, and mindfulness practice are explored as a preliminary to the analysis of the commodification of such practice as a result of the “McDonaldizing” process over recent years. Contemporary “McMindfulness” developments in education and the workplace run counter to the Buddhist precept of “right livelihood” in that they distort both the means and ends of the educational endeavor. When mindfulness practice is employed to achieve instrumentalist outcomes linked to short-term productivity or specific operational goals, the therapeutic function concerned with the transformation of negative emotions and the alleviation of suffering is submerged beneath predominantly utilitarian and materialistic concerns. In order to restore mindfulness teaching and learning – and relationship roles and transaction modes within psychotherapy – to a position of right livelihood, it is necessary to challenge this crude commodification process by emphasizing the ethical and genuinely educational aspects of mindfulness programs.

Die Erosion der richtigen Lebensgrundlage: gegen-erzieherische Aspekte zum Prozess der Kommerzialisierung der Achtsamkeits-Praxis

Die Verbindungen zwischen Erziehung, Therapie und Achtsamkeitspraxis werden untersucht, was Voraussetzung ist für die Analyse des Prozesses der Kommerzialisierung einer solchen Praxis als ein Resultat der ‘McDonaldisierung’ in den vergangenen Jahren. Gegenwärtige ‘McAchtsamkeit’-Entwicklungen in Erziehung und am Arbeitsplatz sind gegenläufig zum buddhistischen Grundsatz der richtigen Lebensgrundlage insofern, dass sie sowohl die Mittel als auch die Ziele der erzieherischen Bemühungen verfälschen. Wenn die Achtsamkeitspraxis angewendet wird, um einen instrumentalisierten Outcome zu erzielen, der an kurzzeitige Produktivität und spezifische operationale Ziele gebunden ist, so wird die therapeutische Funktion, die mit der Transformation negativer Emotionen und der Linderung von Leiden verbunden ist, vor allem von utilitaristischen und materialistischen Absichten verschüttet. Um die Lehre von der Achtsamkeit und das Lernen wieder auf das Thema von der richtigen Lebensgrundlage zurückzubringen, ist es notwendig, diesen plumpen Prozess der Kommerzialisierung in Frage zu stellen, indem man die ethischen und echt erzieherischen Aspekte von Achtsamkeitsprogrammen unterstreicht.

La erosión del verdadero sustento: aspectos contra-educacionales de la mercantilización de la practica de Mindfulness

Se exploran los vínculos entre la práctica de la educación, la terapia y mindfulness como paso preliminar al análisis de la mercantilización de esa práctica, como resultado del proceso de 'McDonaldizacion a lo largo de los últimos años. Los desarrollos en educación y en el lugar de trabajo de 'McMindfulness' contemporáneas van en contra el precepto budista de 'subsistencia correcta” en la medida en que distorsionan tanto los medios como los fines de la actividad educativa. Cuando la práctica de mindfulness se emplea para lograr resultados instrumentales vinculados a la productividad a corto plazo u objetivos específicos operacionales, la función terapéutica vinculada a la transformación de las emociones negativas y el alivio de sufrimiento queda sumergida bajo preocupaciones predominantemente utilitarias y materialistas. Para restablecer la enseñanza y aprendizaje de mindfulness a una posición de verdadero sustento es necesario desafiar este crudo proceso de mercantilización mediante la enfatización de los aspectos éticos y genuinamente educativos de los programas de mindfulness.

Pleine conscience et spiritualité: perspectives thérapeutiques

Les aspects sociaux relatifs aux croyances et à la spiritualité relèvent de l'âme et de l'esprit, un matériel qu'il faut étudier en-dehors du cadre du monde matérialiste. Ils transcendent le corps et se nichent dans les expériences de l'âme. Néanmoins, comme l'enseigne la Pleine conscience, une pratique issue de la spiritualité orientale et de la croyance religieuse, le religieux et/ou le spirituel sont des expériences vécues à travers le corps, un objet pourtant matériel qui provoque une croissance spirituelle. Dans cette étude, nous avons exploré la corrélation entre le caractère de la pleine conscience et les expressions spirituelles. Ces résultats fournissent un aperçu de l'impact potentiel des interventions de Pleine conscience chez des patients qui valorisent la spiritualité et les croyances méta-cognitives dans le processus thérapeutique. Ces découvertes préliminaires procurent un aperçu potentiel des mécanismes possibles sous-jacents à la Pleine conscience et à la psychothérapie.

A erosão do Modo de Vida Correto: Aspetos Contra-Educacionais da co-modificação da prática do mindfulness

As ligações entre educação, terapia e a prática do mindfulness são exploradas como preliminares da análise da co-modificação de tal prática, em consequência de um processo de «McDonaldização» que se verificou em anos recentes. Os desenvolvimentos do «Mcmindfulness» contemporâneo na educação e no local de trabalho vão contra o preceito budista de «modo de vida correto», na medida em que distorcem quer os meios, quer os fins da prática educacional. Quando a prática do mindfulness é empregue para obter resultados instrumentalistas relacionados com a produtividade a curto prazo ou com objetivos operacionais específicos, a função terapêutica relacionada com a transformação de emoções negativas e o alívio do sofrimento é submergido debaixo de preocupações maioritariamente utilitaristas e materialistas. De forma a restituir ao ensino e à aprendizagem a uma situação de modo de vida correto, é preciso desafiar este processo de co-modificação, enfatizando os aspetos éticos e genuinamente educacionais dos programas de mindfulness.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Terry Hyland

Terry Hyland has 40 years’ experience of teaching in schools, further, adult, and higher education. He retired as Professor of Education and Training at the University of Bolton, UK, in 2009 and now spends his time on academic research and writing, research student supervision, teaching mindfulness and philosophy courses, and PhD external examining at UK universities. He was appointed Honorary Visiting Professor at the University of Huddersfield, UK in 2006 and is attached to the university’s Centre for Research in Post-Compulsory Education & Training. Dr Hyland has written over 170 articles, 20 book chapters, and six books on a diverse range of topics within philosophy of education and professional education studies. Since becoming a mindfulness practitioner he has researched and written widely on the links between mindfulness and education and has presented a number of conference papers and published a wide range of academic articles in peer-reviewed and practitioner journals. His book Mindfulness and Learning: Celebrating the Affective Dimension of Education was published by Springer in 2011.

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