1,839
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Therapist momentary experiences of disconnection with clients

ORCID Icon &
Pages 351-366 | Received 19 Mar 2017, Accepted 05 Jun 2017, Published online: 23 Oct 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Therapist in-session experiences of momentary disconnection from clients have not been previously studied. Four person-centered therapists participated in semi-structured in-depth one-to-one interviews to investigate the nature of these experiences. Using grounded theory analyses and drawing on concepts from emotion-focused therapy and pre-therapy, we identified four types of therapist disconnection process in reaction to difficult client process: becoming overwhelmed by a painful client memory; overidentifying with an embodied client feeling; frustration over the pursuit of a disengaged client; and taking on too much responsibility for a client’s stuckness. They thus involved therapist overinvolvement, which led to emotional dysregulation followed by preoccupying secondary reactive emotions such as grief, panic or guilt at their disconnection. Coping with the trigger by disconnecting and becoming incongruent evoked a conflict between participants’ professional role and their personal needs. By becoming congruent again, therapists were able to reengage with their clients and could reattend to clients’ frames of reference. Participants identified therapist self-insight and self-care as key factors for preventing future disconnection.

Les expériences de déconnexion passagère du thérapeute avec les clients

Les expériences de déconnexion passagère du thérapeute avec les clients au cours d’une session de thérapie n’ont encore jamais été étudiées. Quatre thérapeutes centrés sur la personne ont participé à des interviews individuels semi-structurés approfondis pour investiguer leurs expériences de déconnexion. Utilisant des analyses ancrées dans la théorie, des éléments déclencheurs de déconnexion ont été identifiés et explorés en tenant compte des paroles répétitives et du non-engagement du client ainsi que des similarités perturbantes entre les expériences de vie tragiques des clients et des thérapeutes participant à la recherche. Même avec une alliance thérapeutique productive, les éléments déclencheurs de déconnexion pour le thérapeute peuvent apparaître sans le moindre avertissement. Les déconnexions mettent les thérapeutes au défi de se souvenir de leurs émotions non assimilées et de dépasser leurs propres peurs. Certains participants se sentaient submergés par le deuil, l’anxiété et la panique. L’adaptation à un élément déclencheur par la déconnexion invoque un conflit entre le rôle professionnel des thérapeutes participant à l’étude et leurs besoins personnels. En redevenant congruents, les thérapeutes étaient capables de se ré-engager avec leurs clients et pouvaient suivre à nouveau leurs cadres de référence. Les participants identifiaient l’auto-insight du thérapeute comme un facteur clé pour prévenir la déconnexion.

Momente der Unverbundenheit mit Klienten - Erfahrungen von Therapeuten

Wenn sich Therapeuten in einer Sitzung für kurze Momente nicht mit dem Klienten verbunden fühlen - diese Erfahrungen der Therapeuten wurden bisher nicht erforscht. Vier Personenzentrierte Therapeuten Fachpersonen nahmen an halb-strukturierten Eins-zu-eins-Tiefeninterviews teil, um ihre Erfahrungen von Unverbundenheit zu untersuchen. Mithilfe von Grounded Theory-Analysen wurden Auslöser für Unverbundenheit identifiziert und exploriert; ebenso erfasst wurden das Nicht-Engagement von Klienten und sich wiederholende Narrative sowie verstörende Ähnlichkeiten zwischen Klient und Interviewteilnehmer, was tragische Lebenserfahrungen betrifft. Sogar bei einer produktiven Arbeitsbeziehung mit der Klient-Person konnten ohne Vorwarnung Auslöser für Unverbundenheit auftreten. Unverbundenheit war für Therapeut-Personen jeweils eine Herausforderung, da sie dies an ihre eigenen unverarbeiteten Gefühle erinnerte oder ihre eigenen Ängste deswegen auftauchten. Einige Teilnehmende fühlten sich von Schmerz, Angst und Panik überwältigt. Mit dem Auslöser umzugehen, indem sie sich der Verbindung entzogen, rief einen Konflikt hervor zwischen der professionellen Rolle der Teilnehmenden und ihren persönlichen Bedürfnissen. Indem sie wieder kongruent wurden, ermöglichte dies den Therapeut-Personen, sich wieder mit der Klient-Person in Verbindung zu bringen und damit konnten sie sich auch wieder auf den jeweiligen Bezugsrahmen des Klienten einlassen. Die Teilnehmenden identifizierten therapeutische Selbsteinsicht als einen Schlüsselfaktor, um Unverbundenheit zu vermeiden.

Experiencias momentáneas del terapeuta de desconexión con clientes

Las experiencias, durante una sesión, de desconexión momentánea de los terapeutas con los clientes, no han sido estudiados previamente. Cuatro terapeutas centrados en la persona participaron en entrevistas uno a uno, semi estructuradas para investigar sus experiencias de desconexión. Mediante el análisis de la teoría fundamentada, disparadores para la desconexión fueron identificados y explorados y se incluye narrativas sin compromiso y repetitivos e inquietantes similitudes entre el cliente y los participantes experiencias trágicas. Incluso con una alianza de trabajo productiva con el cliente, pueden darse, sin ninguna advertencia, disparadores para la desconexión del terapeuta. Las desconexiones desafiaron a los terapeutas recordándoles sus propios sentimientos no procesados o trayendo sus propios miedos. Algunos participantes se sintieron abrumados por el dolor, la ansiedad y el pánico. Sobrellevar el disparador mediante la desconexión generó un conflicto entre el rol profesional de los participantes y sus necesidades personales. Al volver nuevamente a un estado de congruencia los terapeutas fueron capaces de reconectarse con sus pacientes y los marcos de referencia de los mismos. Los participantes identificaron el insight del terapeuta como un factor clave que previene la desconexión.

Experiências momentâneas em que os terapeutas se desligam dos clientes

As experiências momentâneas em que, durante as sessões, os terapeutas se desligam dos clientes não foram estudadas anteriormente. Quatro terapeutas centrados na pessoa participaram numa série de entrevistas semiestruturadas, qualitativas, frente-a-frente, destinadas a investigar as suas experiências de desconexão. Recorrendo a uma análise de teorias fundamentadas em dados experimentais, foram identificados e explorados fatores desencadeadores de desconexão, que incluíam a falta de compromisso do cliente, narrativas repetitivas e semelhanças perturbadoras entre as experiências de vida dos clientes e dos participantes. Mesmo na presença de uma aliança de trabalho produtiva com o cliente, os fatores desencadeadores de desconexão no terapeuta podiam surgir sem aviso prévio. As desconexões desafiavam os terapeutas, recordando-lhes os seus próprios sentimentos não processados ou trazendo à tona os seus medos. Alguns dos participantes sentiam-se assoberbados com a dor, a ansiedade ou o pânico. Lidar com o fator desencadeador desligando-se evocava um conflito entre o papel profissional dos participantes e as suas necessidades pessoais. Ao tornarem-se de novo congruentes, os terapeutas conseguiam voltar a estabelecer a ligação com o quadro de referências do seu cliente. Os participantes identificaram o insight do terapeuta acerca de si mesmo como sendo um fator chave para prevenir a desconexão.

Acknowledgment

We thank all participants and involved professionals for their contribution to this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Bettina Gross

Bettina Gross, MSc, MBACP, the first author, has a degree in social pedagogy, an Higher National Certificate (HNC) in integrative counselling and a postgraduate diploma and MSc in person-centered counselling and psychotherapy from the University of Strathclyde. She has won the PCCS Books Student Prize 2016 for her MSc study. Bettina has worked as a volunteer therapist in a Christian counselling agency and also as a volunteer therapist in a generic counselling setting. She currently works with a service that provides short-term Employee Assistance Program (EAP) face-to-face work, in private counselling practice and as a volunteer supervisor at Cruse Bereavement Care Scotland.

Robert Elliott

Robert Elliott, PhD, is a Professor of Counselling at the University of Strathclyde and a Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Toledo. He has served as co-editor of the journals Psychotherapy Research and Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies. He is co-author of three books, including Facilitating Emotional Change, Learning Emotion-Focused Therapy and Research Methods in Clinical Psychology, as well as more than 150 journal articles and book chapters. He has received the Distinguished Research Career Award from the Society for Psychotherapy Research and the Carl Rogers Award from the Division of Humanistic Psychology of the American Psychological Association.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.