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A new lactone was isolated from the leaves of Xylocarpus granatum, along with three known compounds: triacontanol, β-sitosterol and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside. Its structure was elucidated as 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4-butyrolactone (1) by infrared, 1H and 13C NMR and ESI-MS data. At a concentration of 20 µg mL−1, the new lactone gave a 67.4% inhibition rate against wheat powdery mildew.
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