Two new anticancer phenolic derivatives from leaves of Piper betle Linn.

Abstract

In this study, phytochemical analyses of the chloroform extract of Piper betle L. var. haldia and maghai, Piperaceae, leaves led to the isolation of two new phenolic derivatives: 1-n-decanoyl hydroxy-benzoic acid/1-n-decanoyl phenol (H2) and 3-butylphenol (M1) on the basis of spectroscopic data 1D NMR (¹H, ¹³C) and 2D NMR (¹H - ¹H COSY, HMBC) as well as ESI-MS, FT-IR and HR-ESI-MS analyses. Compounds H2 and M1 showed excellent antioxidant DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 10.66 μ/mL and 13.65 μg/mL compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant with an IC₅₀ value of 2.52 μg/mL. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity against two human oral cancer cell lines (SCC-40 and SCC-29B) showed significant effect with GI₅₀ values of 24.08 and 33.08 μg/mL for compound H2 and 35.03 and 47.06 μg/mL for compound M1, compared to Doxorubicin® as a standard cytotoxic drug with GI₅₀ value of < 10 μg/mL.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Piper betle
• chemical compounds
• antioxidant
• cytotoxic
• SAR

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, Hyderabad for recording spectral data of the compounds and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Mumbai for cytotoxic activity. The authors sincerely thank Dr. Surendre Singh Jadav (BIT, Mesra, 835215-Ranchi) for their guidance with the isolation of the compounds. The authors are again thankful to Dr. Mohammed Ali (Professor & Former Dean) and Shawkat Mir Rasool (Associate Professor), Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi for their help with the structure elucidation of the isolated compounds.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi) Government of India.