Phytotoxins produced by Didymella glomerata and Truncatella angustata, associated with grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Iran

Abstract

Didymella glomerata and Truncatella angustata associated with grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Iran, were grown in vitro to evaluate the production of phytotoxic metabolites as potential pathogenicity determinants. 2,5-Dihydroxymethylfuran and (+)-6-hydroxyramulosin were isolated from the culture filtrates of D. glomerata and T. angustata, respectively. They were identified by physical and spectroscopic (essentially 1 D and 2 D ¹H and ¹³C NMR and ESIMS) methods and X ray analysis. Both compounds induced significant necrosis and curling on the leaves of the host plant Vitis vinifera L. and the effects were concentration dependent. No effect was observed on the leaves of the non-host Solanum lycopersicum L.. plant.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs)
• Didymella glomerata and Truncatella angustata
• phytotoxins
• 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran
• (+)-6-hydroxyramulosin

Acknowledgements

Prof. Evidente is associated to Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy. Zeinab Bahmani was supported by University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj and received a grant from Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.