Five glycosylated phenolic derivatives from the bark of Ilex rotunda Thunb. and their anti-inflammatory activities

Abstract

Five new glycosylated phenolic derivatives, rotundosides A-E (1-5), and three known glycosides (6-8) were isolated from the 95% alcohol extract of the bark of Ilex rotunda. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature data. All new compounds possessed a [5-O-(E)-caffeoyl]-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl group. The anti-inflammatory properties of all isolated compounds were evaluated using a modified nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced leukemia cells in mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) method. Compound 8, dracunculifoside H, showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Ilex rotunda
• hemiterpene glycosides
• phenolic glycosides
• anti-inflammatory activity

Acknowledgments

The project number of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association is No.2019284. The project number of the project supported by Shanghai MunicipalScience and Technology Major Project is T M202101H008.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge grants from the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (SIMM 1601ZZ03), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association and the project supported by Shanghai MunicipalScience and Technology Major Project.