Precipitation in a commercial duplex stainless steel, Zeron-100, has been investigated using conventional and high-resolution electron microscopy. Acicular fcc precipitates of Ni-rich nphase formed in the Cr-rich fmatrix by suitable heat treatment. The orientation relationships between a large number of particles and the matrix were studied and found to be distributed in a range between the Kurdjumov-Sachs and the Pitsch relationships. All particles were observed to be bounded by two types of longitudinal facets, designated I and C, representing 'incoherent' and 'coherent'. High-resolution microscopy showed that the I facet was based on the (112) alpha /(101) nincommensurate interface between Pitsch-related crystals. The C facet exhibited a coherent terrace structure with coherency strain parallel to accommodated by a disconnection array, causing the adjacent crystals to be slightly misoriented from the Kurdjumov-Sachs relationship. The orientational incompatibility between the I and C reference structures, 5.76° about , was found to be accommodated by networks of n-crystal dislocations superimposed on the facets. These acted as tilt walls of dislocations, but, although their combined angular tilt was always observed to equal about 5.7°, this was not partitioned between the I and C facets in a unique manner. Such differential partitioning of the incompatibility offers a natural explanation for the observed variation in particle orientation. Some issues, such as the growth mechanism, were not resolved and need further work.
Precipitate orientation relationships and interfacial structures in duplex stainless steel Zeron-100
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