Divalent, trivalent, and heavy fermion states in Eu compounds

Abstract

Most of the Eu compounds are in the divalent (Eu) electronic state and order magnetically. On the other hand, the Eu-trivalent (Eu) compounds exist but are small in number. An energy difference between the Eu and Eu states is, however, not extremely large. Therefore, the valence transition occurs in some Eu compounds. We present the characteristic properties of the Eu compounds from several viewpoints: a canting magnetisation in the Eu-antiferromagnets, the Fermi surface property in the Eu-compounds of EuPd and EuCoSi, the heavy fermion state in EuNiP, the temperature-induced valence transition in EuPdSi, the pressure-induced valence transition in EuRhSi and EuRuP, and the heavy fermion state approaching to the quantum critical point with increasing pressure in EuNiGe .

Keywords:

• Divalent
• trivalent
• heavy fermion state
• valence transition
• quantum critical point
• Kondo effect

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to helpful discussions with T. Hotta.

Notes

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported financially by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Challenging Exploratory Research [grant number 25610097], (C)[grant number 25400342), [grant number 15H05884], [grant number 16H01078]; KAKENHI, ERC starting grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.