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Abstract
A study has been made of the shapes of impure liquid droplets migrating through solids under the driving force of a temperature gradient. Under certain conditions, otherwise spherical droplets are predicted to become elongated in the direction of migration. It is shown that the energy of the droplet-solid interface may often be estimated from a knowledge of the length, width and temperature of the droplet, the temperature gradient, the phase diagram, and the entropy of fusion.
The present predictions have been tested by conducting experiments with a system based on the transparent organic material camphene, and containing small amounts of impurity. The results were in good agreement with those of first-order theory, and yielded a consistent estimate of the solid-liquid interfacial energy.