Asymmetries in Judgements of Ingroup and Outgroup Variability

Abstract

It is common to observe an asymmetry in judgements of intragroup variability: sometimes the outgroup is perceived as being more homogeneous than the ingroup, while the opposite is true at other times. A review of the literature on this theme is presented, including information on the techniques used to measure perceived variability within groups. The empirical research is briefly discussed. The explanatory principles posited in this particular field of research are described. Among these principles, a distinction is made between cognitive and motivational approaches. Several approaches which integrate both cognitive and motivational factors are also examined. Finally, the need to take account of different levels of analysis is emphasized.