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Tourism and community development vs. tourism for community development: Conceptualizing planning as power, knowledge, and control

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Pages 403-425 | Published online: 21 Nov 2010
 

Abstract

The paper aims to contribute to the debates surrounding community‐based tourism planning by re‐visiting the foundations of planning and injecting the discussion with more radical considerations of community development practice. Using a framework of planning traditions set out by Friedmann in 1987, it is argued that while the growth in community‐based tourism planning literature represents an important shift away from more traditional, “top down” approaches, tourism planning needs to go much further to meet broader community development goals. The social transformation traditions within planning, namely social mobilization, social learning and radical planning models, are introduced as potential avenues for the development of tourism planning that is grounded in considerations of community development. The potential of this approach for the fostering of empowerment and local control is highlighted as tourism is “decentered” and community development re‐prioritized.

Résumé

À l'aide d'une révision de base de données concernant la planification communautaire et une infusion de concepts plus radicaux en matière de développement communautaire, cet article vise à contribuer aux discussions entourant la planification et le tourisme communautaire. En 1987, Friedmann explique que tandis que la croissance en littérature de planification de tourisme et développement communautaire représente un décalage important des approches plus traditionnel ; la planification de tourisme doit aller beaucoup plus loin pour rencontrer les buts de grande envergure du développement communautaire. Les traditions sociales de transformation dans la planification, le savoir‐faire et la mobilisation sociale, l'étude sociale et modèle radicale de planification, sont présentée en tant qu'avenues potentielles pour le développement de la planification de tourisme fondée sur des considérations du développement communautaire durable. Par cette approche le tourisme est re‐intégré dans un contexte communautaire, ce qui engendre la capacité locale et un développement communautaire durable.

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