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Abstract
Congenitally deaf infants and children commonly suffer vestibular failure in both ears, and impairment of postural control, locomotion, and gait. The development of gross motor functions, such as head control, sitting, and walking is likely to be delayed, but fine motor function is usually preserved unless disorders of the central nervous system are present. These children can eventually catch up with their normal peers in terms of development and growth as a result of central vestibular compensation. The visual and somatosensory systems, pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor system (cerebellum, basal ganglia, cerebrum) and intellectual development, compensate for vestibular failure in infants and children with congenitally hypoactive or absent function of the semicircular canals and otolith organs.
| Abbreviations | ||
| ABR | = | Auditory brainstem response |
| COR | = | Conditioned orientation reflex audiometry |
| ENG | = | Electronystagmography |
| VEMP | = | Vestibular myogenic potentials |
| Abbreviations | ||
| ABR | = | Auditory brainstem response |
| COR | = | Conditioned orientation reflex audiometry |
| ENG | = | Electronystagmography |
| VEMP | = | Vestibular myogenic potentials |
Sumario
Los niños con sordera congénita comúnmente sufren falla vestibular en ambos oídos y discapacidad del control postural, la locomoción y la marcha. El desarrollo de las funciones motoras gruesas tales como el control cefálico, la sedestación y la marcha suele presentar retraso, pero la motricidad fina generalmente está conservada a menos que coexista algún desorden del sistema nervioso central. Estos niños usualmente alcanzan el nivel normal en términos de crecimiento y desarrollo como resultado de la compensación central. Los sistemas visual y somatosensorial; piramidal y extrapiramidal (cerebelo, ganglios basales y cerebro) y el desarrollo intelectual compensan la falla vestibular en los niños con hipoactividad o ausencia de la función de los canales semicirculares y órganos otolíticos.