Improving the assessment of functional impairment in tinnitus sufferers: validation of the German version of the Tinnitus Functional Index using a confirmatory factor analysis

Abstract

Objectives

Chronic tinnitus negatively impacts daily functioning. To specifically assess this impairment, the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) was developed. The current study investigated the hierarchical, eight-factorial structure for the German TFI and examined its psychometric properties.

Design

In an online assessment, the TFI and other validated health-related measurements were completed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to investigate the factorial structure by testing two competing models: (1) a general factor model, and (2) a hierarchical second-order factor model.

Study sample

316 research volunteers (59.8% female) with low to moderate tinnitus distress were included.

Results

CFA revealed an insufficient fit of the data to the general factor model. For the hierarchical second-order factor model, an acceptable model fit was shown (χ²/df ratio = 2.74, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.05, CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.95). Correlational analyses between the TFI and measures assessing tinnitus distress, depression, sleeping difficulties, subjective well-being, and personality dimensions indicated high convergent and moderate discriminant validity. Internal consistency reliability was excellent.

Conclusions

The results confirm the hierarchical, eight-factorial structure of the German TFI. The TFI is a promising inventory that should be used on a regular basis.

Highlights

• The results of our study confirm the hierarchical eight-factorial structure of the German TFI.

• Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an acceptable model fit of the data.

• Convergent validity of the German TFI was high.

• Discriminant validity of the German TFI was moderate.

• The German TFI is a reliable questionnaire to assess tinnitus functional impairment.

Keywords:

• Tinnitus functional impairment
• confirmatory factor analysis
• convergent validity
• discriminant validity
• reliability
• tinnitus questionnaire

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all volunteers participating in our study and Jana Zimmermann for assisting with the data collection.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the William Demant Foundation (to MJ) under Grant [16-3805] and the Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany. The research of CD on tinnitus is supported by the German Research Council [Do 711/10-1].