Relational Risk Factors for Reoffending in Women: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Dysfunctional interpersonal relationships are highlighted as an important dynamic risk factor for reoffending in women. However, quantitative research in this area is scarce and findings inconsistent, with key meta-analytical reviews limited in relation to adult women offenders. This has important implications for appropriate risk assessment of women. A systematic review was conducted of the literature guided by, among others, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination methodology on evaluating observational studies. The review evaluated the quantitative empirical evidence for an association between interpersonal relationships, especially with family and intimate partners, and recidivism in women, and the underlying psychological processes involved. The search resulted in eight included studies. Most were of fair methodological quality, but with several limitations. Findings were inconsistent but suggested that relational factors may be relevant to reoffending in women in interaction with other complex factors. This may help inform more effective risk assessment, risk management and intervention with women offenders. The findings highlighted the need for research exploring the interaction and mediating effects of various factors, including relationships, on women's reoffending, and the psychological processes involved.

Keywords:

• female offenders
• recidivism
• criminogenic needs
• risk
• interpersonal relationships

Notes

¹ Measuring dissatisfaction with marital or equivalent relationship, non-rewarding relationships with parents and other relatives, and having a criminal family/spouse.