Relationship between the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption and the iron record in the East GRIP snow pit

ABSTRACT

We conducted a 2 m snow pit study in July 2017 at the East GRIP (Greenland Ice-Core Project; northeastern Greenland) deep ice-coring site. We collected snow samples at intervals of 0.05 m and analyzed their iron (Fe) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations. Pronounced seasonal variations in trace elements were observed during 2012–2017. The results indicated that the dissolved Fe (DFe), total dissolved Fe (TDFe), and total dissolved REEs (TDREEs) largely originated from mineral dust, which peaked in winter to early spring. In particular, the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption (31 August 2014 to 27 February 2015) can be clearly observed in the data at a depth of 90–125 cm. This event not only provided abundant acidic material (sulphate), but also released a large amount of DFe. Therefore, these results provide a possible way to use Greenland deep ice core data to construct a much longer history and better understand the relationship between eruptions and the release of iron in future studies.

KEYWORDS:

• Snowpit
• iron and trace elements
• Holuhraun eruption
• East Greenland ice sheet

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41425003 and 41701071), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1406104), the Scientific Research Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences (SKLCSZZ-2018-04), and the CAS “Light of West China” Program.