Mercury accumulation in sediments of Lhù’ààn Mânʼ (Kluane Lake, YT): Response to past hydrological change

ABSTRACT

Northern lakes provide many ecosystem services, including the provision of traditional foods and clean water. These systems are vulnerable to climate-driven changes in hydrology and contaminant accumulation, but the direction and magnitude of projected changes are poorly constrained. One contaminant of concern is mercury; currently, we cannot accurately predict how mercury accumulation in lakes will respond to climate-induced changes, especially in lakes with glacial inflows and complex hydrology. Sediment cores collected from two regions of a glacially fed lake (Lhù’ààn Mân’; Kluane Lake, Yukon, Canada) were analyzed to investigate controls on sediment mercury accumulation in the context of previously described hydrological changes. Differences in catchment contributions drove differences in sediment mercury accumulation between lake regions during the Duke River hydrological period (ca. 750–1650). During the more recent Slims River hydrological period (ca. 1650–2015), mercury accumulation did not differ between regions, and mercury was delivered to the lake primarily via catchment organic matter and carbonate-rich sediments from the largest, glacially derived inflow (Slims River). Recent climate-induced geomorphic change caused loss of the main lake inflow (Slims River) in 2016, making Kluane Lake an ideal system for future investigations of how loss of glacial inflow will affect mercury accumulation in northern lakes.

KEYWORDS:

• Kluane Lake
• sediment mercury accumulation
• paleolimnology
• climate change
• Slims River

Acknowledgments

This research was conducted under the Yukon Territory Scientists and Explorers License number 15-26S&E and took place on the traditional territories of the Kluane First Nation, the White River First Nation, and the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations. We thank N. Kassi and the citizens and administration of Kluane First Nation, especially M. Alatini, M. J. Johnson, G. Pope, and K. van Ballegooyen, for their support and facilitation of this project. We further thank the Dän Keyi Renewable Resource Council, especially P. Sias, for their support of the project. This project was made possible by assistance from L. Goodwin and S. Williams, D. Hik, E. McKnight, J. Turner, R. van Leeuwen, E. MacDonald, and E. Mehler. We sincerely thank Dr. P. E. Drevnick and one anonymous reviewer whose comments helped improve and clarify this article. ²¹⁰Pb dating was conducted by J. Wiklund, University of Waterloo.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplementary material

Supplemental material for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s website.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by funding and/or in-kind support from NSERC Discovery and Northern Research Supplement grants to HKS, the W. Garfield Weston Foundation & the Wildlife Conservation Society Canada (WCS; NAZ), the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP; NAZ), and the Arctic Institute of North America (AINA) Grant-in-Aid program (NAZ).