Polymorphisms at the PRNP Gene Influence Susceptibility to Chronic Wasting Disease in Two Species of Deer (Odocoileus Spp.) in Western Canada

Abstract

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is increasingly prevalent in multiple wild mule (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) herds in North America. CWD was first found in Canadian wild mule deer in Saskatchewan in 2000 and has since spread into the neighboring province of Alberta. The infectious agent for CWD is a misfolded prion protein encoded by the PRNP gene. Previous studies revealed association between PRNP genotype and susceptibility to CWD in both mule and white-tailed deer in other regions. To investigate this link in Canadian populations, PRNP gene sequence was examined in 166 CWD– and 83 CWD+ mule deer, and 197 CWD– and 30 CWD+ white-tailed deer from Saskatchewan and Alberta. Two variable sites were found in mule deer, and 15 in white-tailed deer. In both species PRNP genotype was associated with CWD status. Mule deer possessing at least one copy of the common allele at codon 20 were less likely to test positive for CWD than expected, given the frequency of this allele in the population. A variant at codon 96 in white-tailed deer was also linked with reduced incidence of CWD. A greater knowledge of the genetic sources of heterogeneity in CWD susceptibility may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the CWD epidemic in western Canada.

Acknowledgements

This work has been funded by the Alberta Prion Research Institute and PrioNet Canada. We also acknowledge support from Saskatchewan Environment, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development (Fish and Wildlife Division), the Alberta Conservation Association, Alberta Cooperative Conservation Research Unit, Alberta Professional Outfitters Society, Alberta Ingenuity, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation. We offer thanks for the assistance of many people, including Mark Ball, Damien Joly, Bill Clark, Corey Davis, Laura Elliott, Chris Garrett, Erica Kubanek, Erin Silbernagel, Chris Wilke, Marnie Zimmer, and the cooperating landowners of Alberta and Saskatchewan.