Hematological and Hepatic Alterations in Brazilian Population Heavily Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hematological and hepatic alterations and possible association with serum levels of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), p,p′-DDE, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) among residents in an area heavily contaminated with organochlorine (OC) pesticides. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 415 male and 432 female residents aged >14 years. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for OC pesticides concentrations and biochemical parameters. Frequencies of hematological and hepatic alterations were calculated for each gender. Association between beta-HCH, p,p′-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene), and HCB levels and presence of alterations was determined by logistic regression stratified by gender and controlling for confounders. Highest frequencies were observed for eosinophilia (23% men and 18% women), low hemoglobin (12% men and 15% women), and low erythrocyte count (12% men). High levels of bilirubin, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were observed, respectively, in 10, 11, and 12% of men and <10% of women. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was elevated in 26 and 25% of males and females, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed associations between eosinophilia and beta-HCH in men (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1.01–1.12) and women (OR = 1.05, 96%CI = 0.99–1.11), p,p′-DDE in men (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.99–1.06) and women (OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 0.99–1.06), and HCB in women (OR = 1.54, 95%IC = 0.85–4.45). Beta-HCH was found to be associated with increased risk of elevated bilirubin in females (OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.07–1.29) and males (OR = 4.21, 95%CI = 1.87–9.47 for fourth vs. first quintile). Thus, OC pesticides may exert adverse effects on hematopoietic tissue and liver in populations chronically exposed to high levels of these compounds.

Additional information

Funding

This research was partially funded by the Ministry of Health of Brazil and the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq). Carmen Freire has a “Jovens Talentos” grant (number A022-2013) from the CNPq (Science Without Borders Program). Sergio Koifman is supported by the CNPq (grant 308986/2010-5 and INCT-Cancer Control), and FAPERJ (grant E-26/102.869/2012).