Oxidative stress responses after exposure to triclosan sublethal concentrations: an integrated biomarker approach with a native (Corydoras paleatus) and a model fish species (Danio rerio)

ABSTRACT

Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent commonly used world-wide in a range of personal care and sanitizing products detected frequently in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to examine biochemical markers responses triggered by TCS in Danio rerio and in a native South American fish species (Corydoras paleatus). Further, an integrated approach comparing both test fish species was undertaken. These fish organisms were exposed to 100 or 189 µg TCS/L for 48 h. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) were determined in liver, gills, and brain. Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was measured in the brain. Multivariate analysis showed that the most sensitive hepatic parameters were activities of GST and SOD for C. paleatus while LPO levels were for D. rerio. In gills the same parameters were responsive for C. paleatus but CAT in D. rerio. ACAP and GST activity were responsive parameters in brain of both species. Integrated biomarker responses (IBR) index demonstrated similar trends in both species suggesting this parameter might serve as a useful tool for quantification of integrated responses induced by TCS.

KEYWORDS:

• Oxidative stress
• emergent pollutants
• biochemical markers
• integrated responses
• standardized and native fish species

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Statements involving animal treatment were included in the MS text, Section 2.2 Triclosan solutions and exposure conditions.

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT (PICT 2014 Nº 2228, F. de la Torre) and the Departamento de Ciencias Básicas e INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Luján. This work is part of the PhD thesis of E. Sager;Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científca y Tecnológica, ANPCyT[PICT 2228];