28
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Part four: Epidemiologic approaches in carcinogen detection

Aspects of confounding and effect modification in the assessment of occupational cancer risk

Pages 1127-1131 | Published online: 20 Oct 2009
 

Abstract

In occupational health epidemiology, the confounding effects of general risk factors such as smoking and alcohol abuse with regard to cancer and other disorders seem to be rather limited. It is desirable to control such risk factors whenever possible, however, but risk ratios of about two or more can rarely be explained by suggesting uncontrolled confounding. However, various general risk factors might modify the effect of an industrial exposure, a phenomenon that sometimes tends to confuse the discussion of etiologic relationships between exposure and outcome.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.