N‐nitrosamines and mutagens in rubber nursing nipples

John G. Babish Cornell University, Department of Preventive Medicine, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York

Joseph H. Hotchkiss Cornell University, Department of Food Science, Ithaca, New York

Timothy Wachs Cornell University, Department of Chemistry, Ithaca, New York

Alex J. Vecchio Cornell University, Department of Food Science, Ithaca, New York

Walter H. Gutenmann Cornell University, Toxic Chemicals Laboratory, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, New York

Donald J. Lisk Cornell University, Toxic Chemicals Laboratory, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, New York

Abstract

Aqueous extracts of four brands (eight types) of rubber nursing nipples purchased in the open market were analyzed for volatile N‐nitrosamines, diphenylamine, and mutagenic activity. N‐Nitrosodimethylamine, N‐nitrosodiethylamine, or N‐nitro‐sopiperidine were found in the aqueous extracts of the nipples and in the nipples themselves. All nipples analyzed contained one or more of the three volatile N‐nitrosamines. Diphenylamine was found to be continously released into aqueous extracts from most brands. Certain nipples produced a positive mutagenic response when incubated with Salmonella typhimurium (TA 100) in a modified liquid suspension test.

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N‐nitrosamines and mutagens in rubber nursing nipples

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N‐nitrosamines and mutagens in rubber nursing nipples

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