Soman toxicity during and after exposure to different environmental temperatures

Abstract

A systematic study has been conducted to determine physiological susceptibility to the potent anticholinesterase soman during and after exposure to different environmental temperatures. Rats were placed in an environmental chamber set at‐1, 7, 15, 23, or 31°C (80% relative humidity, RH) from 0000 to 0800 h. Soman injections were given subcutaneously (sc) at 0600 h (during thermal stress), or at 0810 h after removal from the chamber (injected and tested at 23°C, 60% RH). The measures (taken 30 min after soman injection) included core temperature, grip strength, general state of health, and LD10 estimates (taken 2 h post injection).>

Soman exposure produced a dose‐related effect on each measure under all thermal stress conditions. During thermal stress, soman exposure produced major changes in core temperature ranging from 26 to 41°C, which were linearly related to the environmental temperature condition. After removal from the chamber, soman exposure reduced core temperature by only 1°C without regard to prior thermal stress temperature. Grip strength and subjective health rating were soman dose‐related with only a minor chamber temperature influence.

The toxicity of soman was increased during exposure to either cold or hot environments and after removal from the cold environments. The adrenal‐cortical stress response to cold involves increased metabolism and oxygen requirement. The exception was the decreased toxicity observed when soman exposure occurred after removal from a hot environment, exacerbated by a failure in the respiratory system due to anticholinesterase exposure. The increased toxicity of soman while in or after removal from a cold environment is believed to be due to a generalized adrenal‐cortical stress response. The increased soman toxicity while in a hot environment, but decreased toxicity after removal from the hot environment, provides an interesting subject for further research.