Abstract
Ethylene oxide (EtO) is widely used by the health industry for sterilizing heat-sensitive devices. About 100 000 workers are regularly exposed to this chemical, used in an estimated 10 000 sterilizing units in U.S. health care facilities. Based on recent findings, NIOSH has recommended that EtO be regarded as a potential carcinogen and has urged OSHA to reexamine its present standard of 50 ppm. The ACGIH Notice of Intended Changes for 1982 has proposed reducing the recommended limit from 10 ppm TWA to 1 ppm and considers EtO a suspect carcinogen for man. Because of this increasing concern for its toxicity, it is imperative that the exposures to EtO be assessed, and that all reasonable steps to reduce these exposures be taken. This study demonstrates the effects of local exhaust ventilation, sterilizer chamber temperature, and sterilizer relative humidity in relation to their influence on EtO plume directionality, concentration and duration. Using two Foxboro/Wilks Miran® 1A General Purpose Gas Analyzers, EtO concentrations were simultaneously monitored both immediately above and below the sterilizer door during various process runs, at three different types of sterilizers. Sterilizer operating conditions were representative of temperatures (38–54°C (100–130°F)), and relative humidities (30–50%) commonly employed in the sterilization process. The effects of varying local exhaust parameters were observed. Results clearly demonstrated that EtO tends to flow upward when the sterilizer door is opened. In all cases, the highest concentrations were observed at the upper location. Local exhaust ventilation significantly reduced the concentration of EtO observed and lessened the duration for which these levels persisted. Changes in temperature and relative humidity, within the range cited, have not shown any significant differences in EtO evolution patterns, concentrations or duration.