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Abstract
Bioavailability of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in surface sediments was evaluated with semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and two different sediment-dwelling benthic mussels, Bellamya aeruginosa (B. aeruginosa) and Corbicula fluminea (C. fluminea). After 28d laboratory exposure, the positive correlations of DDT concentrations between both SPMDs and benthic mussels with sediments documented that the bioavailability of DDTs was mainly affected by surrounding sediments, while the observed differences of DDT concentrations and congener proportions between B. aeruginosa and C. fluminea were due to the specific physiological characteristics of organisms and different physico-chemical properties of contaminants. Comparisons between SPMDs and benthic mussels showed higher values of biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF, 0.63-3.61 for B. aeruginosa and 2.19-17.08 for C. fluminea) than device accumulation factors (DAF, 1.00-1.74). This indicated that living organisms bioaccumulated much more DDTs from sediments than SPMDs due to the different exposure and uptake routes. Strong positive associations between DDTs in SPMDs and benthic mussels indicated SPMDs could mimic the bioaccumulation of DDTs, especially in C. fluminea. However, given the distinct differences observed for both concentrations and congener proportions of DDTs in SPMDs and B. aeruginosa, future study should be directed to develop reliable models with various sediment-dwelling organisms before SPMDs are routinely used in field study.
Acknowledgements
We are thankful for the financial support from the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (973 Program: 2012CB417005) and the National Science Foundation of China (40971253, 41073010).