A Novel Approach to Detect Faults Occurring During Power Swings by Abrupt Change of Impedance Trajectory

Abstract

The main purpose of power swing blocking is to distinguish faults from power swings. However, faults occurred during a power swing should still be detected and cleared promptly. This paper proposes an index based on detecting abrupt jump of impedance trajectory by utilization of the predicting capability of the Kalman Filter. The proposed index is calculated by assessing the difference between predicted and actual samples of impedance. The predicted impedance samples are obtained using the Kalman filter and Taylor expansion, which are used in this paper to track the phasor precisely. Second order of Taylor expansion is used to decrease the corrugation effect of impedance estimation and increase the reliability of the proposed method. Furthermore, in order to increase the selectivity of the proposed method, the proposed index is armed with phase comparison logic to detect internal faults. The instantaneous estimation and prediction capability of the Kalman filter are two reasons for proposing the use of Kalman filter. Intensive studies have been performed and the merit of the method is demonstrated by test simulations.

Keywords::

• Kalman filter
• power swing
• dynamic phasor
• symmetrical fault
• impedance trajectory
• fault during power swing

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Notes on contributors

Jalal Khodaparast

Jalal Khodaparast was born in Iran in 1987. He received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, in 2008 and 2010, respectively, and is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in the Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. He was a Guest Ph.D. Student (visiting period) in the Aalborg University, Denmark, 2015–2016. His research interests include wide area protection, flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), power system dynamics, digital signal processing, and phasor estimation.

Mojtaba Khederzadeh

Mojtaba Khederzadeh (SM’06) received the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 1980, the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Tehran University, Tehran, Iran, in 1990, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Sharif University of Technology in 1996. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, from 2004 to 2005. He is currently an Associate Professor and the Director of the Power System Protection and Control Research Center, Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. His research interests include power system protection, control and monitoring, and power system dynamics.

Filipe Faria da Silva

Filipe Faria da Silva was born in Portugal in 1985. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical and computers engineering from Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal in 2008 and the Ph.D. degree in electric power systems from Aalborg University, Denmark, in 2011. He was with EDP-Labelec in 2008 and with Energinet.dk from 2008 to 2011. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, where he is also the Semester Coordinator of the Electrical Power System and High Voltage Engineering’ master program and the Vice Leader of the Modern Power Transmission Systems’ research program. He is an Active Member of CIGRE and IEEE, being currently the Head of Denmark’s IEEE-PES and a regular Member of the Cigré SC C4. He has authored more than 70 articles and a book. His research interests include power cables, electromagnetic transients, system modeling, network stability, HVDC transmission, and HV phenomena.

Claus Leth Bak

Claus Leth Bak was born in Denmark, in 1965. He received the B.Sc. degree in electrical power engineering in 1992, the M.Sc. degree in electrical power engineering, Aalborg University (AAU), in 1994, and the Ph.D. degree in 2015. He was a Professional Engineer with Electric Power Transmission and Substations, NV Net Transmission Company, with specializations within the area of power system protection. In 1999, he was an Assistant Professor with ET-AAU. He currently holds a Full Professor position with ET-AAU. He serves as the Head of the Energy Technology Ph.D. Program and the Head of the Section of Electric Power Systems and High Voltage with AAU and is a Member of the Ph.D. Board in the Faculty of Engineering and Science. His research interests include corona phenomena on overhead lines, power system modeling and transient simulations, underground cable transmission, power system harmonics, power system protection, and HVDC-VSC offshore transmission networks.