Distributed Control Strategy of Microgrid Based on the Concept of Cyber Physical System

Abstract

For distributed energy resources (DERs) in islanded microgrid (MG), to improve the control effect on the output voltages and frequency from droop control, a novel distributed control strategy is proposed in this article based on the concept of cyber physical system (CPS). The novel control structure is consisted by the cyber and the physical layers. In the cyber layer: firstly, the communication structures of overall microgrid and single DER are constructed; then, based on the communication structures, the influence of time-delay (delay) and packet loss (loss) on consensus control is analyzed in this article; And then, an event-triggered mechanism combined with adapt virtual leader-following consensus control (AVLFCC) and predictive compensation is proposed in this layer. It is used to solve the problem of time-varying delay and loss rate in the process of consensus control. In the physical layer: firstly, the droop control is used as the primary control on the output voltages and frequency of DERs; then, a novel secondary control method is proposed by using the event-triggered mechanism. And finally, the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the novel distributed control strategy under communication problems (delay and loss) and during plug-and-play operation.

Keywords:

• islanded microgrid
• distributed control
• cyber physical system
• event-triggered mechanism
• time-varying delay and loss rate
• secondary control

Additional information

Funding

This work is supported by the Key projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61833008, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61573300 and 61533010, Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant BK20171445, Key research and development plan of Jiangsu Province-Industrial foresight and common key technical projects under Grant BE2016184, and Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant E2016203374.

Notes on contributors

Bo Zhang

Bo Zhang received the B. S. degrees in electrical engineering and automation from the Liren college of Yanshan university, Qinhuangdao, China, in 2016. He is currently pursuing the M. S. degree in automation with Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China. He is also currently a student member of the Chinese Association of Automation. His current research interests include microgrids and distributed generation technology.

Chun-Xia Dou

Chunxia Dou received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in automation from the Northeast Heavy Machinery Institute, Qiqihaer, China, in 1989 and 1994, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in Institute of Electrical Engineering from Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China, in 2005. In 2010, she joined the Department of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China, where she was a Postdoctoral Fellow for two years. Since 2005, she has been a Professor in Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University. Her current research interests include multi-agent based control, event-triggered hybrid control, distributed coordinated control, and multi-mode switching control and their applications in power systems, Microgrids and smart grids.

Dong Yue

Dong Yue received the Ph.D. degree from the South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, in 1995. He is currently a professor and dean of Institute of Advanced Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications and also a Changjiang Professor with the Department of Control Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. His research interests include analysis and synthesis of networked control systems, multi-agent systems, optimal control of power systems, and internet of things.

Zhan-Qiang Zhang

Zhanqiang Zhang received the dual B.S. degree in electrical engineering and automation/mathematics and applied mathematics from Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China, in 2015. He is currently pursuing the M.S. degree in automation with Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China. He is currently a Chinese Association of Automation Member. His current research interests include distributed generation control and microgrid networked control research.

Kai Ma

Kai Ma received the B.Sc. degree in automation and Ph.D. degree in control science and engineering from Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China, in 2005 and 2011, respectively. In 2011, he joined Yanshan University. From 2013 to 2014, he was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University. His research interests include demand response in smart grids and resource allocation in communication networks.