ANFIS Based Energy Management System for V2G Integrated Micro-Grids

Abstract

Description and evaluation of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based energy management system (EMS) for a vehicle-to-grid integrated micro-grid is given in this paper. A grid-tied micro-grid with a wind turbine and a photovoltaic solar panel as primary energy sources, and an energy storage system based on electric vehicle (EV) batteries is considered in this study. The ANFIS-based supervisory controller determines the power that must be generated by or stored in the EV batteries, taking into account the power demanded by the micro-grid and available EV power considering the battery state of charge, rated capacity, and time remaining for departure of the EVs. The Sugeno based ANFIS EMS is compared with a Mamdani based fuzzy EMS, thus evaluating two different artificial intelligence approaches for solving the same power allocation problem. Dynamic simulations demonstrate that the ANFIS based EMS is able to allocate power optimally among available resources during various uncertainties simulated in the system and is also able to provide a better power allocation when compared to the fuzzy based EMS.

Keywords:

• micro-grid
• electric vehicle
• vehicle-to-grid
• ANFIS
• energy management system
• solar PV
• wind turbine

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14482005.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a research grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

Notes on contributors

Femina Mohammed Shakeel

Femina Mohammed Shakeel received the Bachelors degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Mahathma Gandhi University and M.Tech. Degree in Power Electronics from National Institute of Technology Calicut, India, in 2011 and 2013, respectively, the PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Calgary in 2021. She is currently working as an Electrical Engineer in a consultancy firm in Calgary. She is a registered Engineer-in-Training with the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Alberta. Her research interests include the areas of renewable energy, power electronics, artificial intelligence and smart grid.

Om P. Malik

Om P. Malik received the bachelor’s degree (National Diploma) in electrical engineering and the M.E. degree in electrical machine design from the University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India, in 1952 and 1962, respectively, the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of London, London, U.K., in 1965, and the D.I.C. degree from the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, U.K., in 1965. In 1968, he joined the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, where he is currently a Professor Emeritus with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He is a fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and the Institution of Electrical Engineers. He is also actively involved in IFAC and is currently the Chair of the IFAC Technical Committee on Power Plants. His research interests include electric power components and systems.