Frequency Support Studies of a Microgrid Having DG-WTG Using ANFIS and with the Application of HAE-FC and RFB

Abstract

The micro-grid (μ-grid) has picked up momentum worldwide with the ability to supply cost-effective, clean, and reliable electrical power to the present-day demand. The practical μ-grids are comprised of non-conventional and conventional sources such as wind turbine generators (WTG) and diesel generators (DG). Due to the encouragement of wind power which is exceedingly sporadic in nature and thus the frequency of the μ-grid is exceedingly vulnerable due to the erratic nature of wind speed. Variations in the load demand have also added to the vulnerability of the μ-grid at distinctive moments of time. Consequently, this paper appears to be a novel plan that utilizes artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) within the built frequency regulation of the μ-grid. The proposed research has been employed within the μ-grid, and the application outcomes have taken all possibilities, such as load variety at the distinctive moment of time, modification of the load demand on the μ-grid, and step alteration of the wind input. The achieved results are coordinated with a few of the most recent results, which presents the ANFIS ahead over other strategies. Although there is a probable scope for improvement which subsequently involves the fuel cell (FC) with a hydrogen aqua electrolyzer (HAE) unit, as well as a redox flow battery (RFB), that is introduced one at a time in the μ-grid and the results of μ-grid are calculated for various working conditions to show the impact that the ANFIS technology has upon storage devices with regards to the μ-grid architecture.

Keywords:

• microgrid
• diesel generator
• wind turbine generator
• hydrogen aqua electrolyzer
• fuel cell
• redox flow battery

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Vikash Rameshar

Vikash Rameshar is a Lecturer in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology. He has completed his Masters’s degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology from the University of Johannesburg and has embarked on his PhD. He is a registered Professional Engineering Technologist with the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA) and a member of IEEE. Vikash has also researched and implemented projects in the fields of process instrumentation, control, hydroponics, and image processing. Currently he is working on the development in micro-grid technology. His research area is within the artificial intelligence, computational intelligence and Data Science fields associated with control systems.

Gulshan Sharma

Gulshan Sharma is presently working as a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. He has the qualifications of B. Tech, M. Tech and Ph.D. He was a post-doctoral research fellow at the Faculty of EBIT, University of Pretoria, South Africa, from 2015 to 2016. He is a Y-rated researcher from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa. He is working as an Academic Editor of the International Transactions on Electrical Energy System Journal & Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hindawi. He has published more than 100 research papers in international journals & conferences and has been continuously engaged in guiding research activities at graduate/post-graduate and Ph.D. levels. His area of interest includes power system operation and control, renewable power generation, FACTS and application of AI techniques to power systems.

Pitshou N. Bokoro

Pitshou N. Bokoro is Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. He holds Senior Membership with the South African Institute of Electrical Engineers (SMSAIEE) as well as with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (SMIEEE). He obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the Durban University of Technology, a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Johannesburg, and a Ph.D. degree from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. He has published over 100 research papers (which include over 50 journal articles and 70 conference papers) in indexed journals and peer-reviewed conference proceedings. He authored a couple of book chapters in reputed books published by IGI-Global and IET. He serves as a specialist editor in Energy and Power Systems for the SAIEE Africa Research Journal (ARJ). He has supervised to completion of over 18 postgraduate students (which include Master’s and doctoral students). His major research interests include renewable energy systems, power systems, power system reliability, distributed generation, surge arresters, insulation and dielectrics, power quality, condition monitoring, microgrid, internet of things and virtual sensing applications.

Emre Çelik

Emre Çelik was born in Düzce, Turkey in 1987. He received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Gazi University in 2016. He has worked as an Associate Professor at the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey, since 2019. His research area covers electric machinery and drives, control systems design, artificial intelligence and power systems.

Nihat Öztürk

Nihat Ozturk was born in Haskova in 1974. He received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Education from Gazi University in 2005. He has been with the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Technology Faculty of Gazi University in Ankara, Turkey, where he is working as a Professor. His research interests include soft switching inverter, digital signal processors, control of electrical motors and artificial intelligence.