Intelligent Controller Design and Fault Prediction for Renewable Energy Sources Using Bi-directional GRU and GEO Methods

Abstract

RES (Renewable energy sources) play a crucial role demand in meeting the increasing for green energy due to the scarcity of fossil fuels. Voltage fluctuations and power fluctuations caused by uncertain RES can negatively impact the stability of the electrical system and damage electrical devices. To address this issue, a solid state transformer (SST) is proposed as a solution. The SST acts as interface between RES and the power grid, with multiple converters that can be adjusted to maintain required voltage levels. This study focuses on the design of a solar photovoltaic (SPV) controller to improve the power injection RES quality of RES and enhance stability system through coordinated control with the SST. A commercial PI controller is optimized for SPV applications using the IEEE 39 standard bus as a test case. The proposed controller is evaluated for performance considering time delay and diverse solar radiation patterns. Simulation results demonstrate that the control coordinated the proposed SST and SPV effectively reduces power fluctuations caused by uncertain RES and prevents catastrophic damage to electrical devices during large disturbances. This study suggests that the proposed controllers offer viable solutions to address transient stability challenges in contemporary electricity grids with increased RES penetration.

Keywords:

• controller design
• fault prediction
• renewable energy systems
• stability analysis
• and power management

AUTHORSHIP CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors are contributed equally to this work.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

Conflict of Interest is not applicable in this work.

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE

No participation of humans takes place in this implementation process.

HUMAN AND ANIMAL RIGHTS

No violation of human and animal rights is involved.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Parijat Saurabh

Parijat Saurabh currently working as Assistant Professor of Economics in Department of Economics, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. He has completed UG and PG from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. He has also qualified UGC NET. He has been awarded Doctoral Fellowship from ICSSR, New Delhi and JRF/SRF from Center for the Study of Nepal, Banaras Hindu University sponsored by U.G.C. New Delhi. He is associate Editor of Online Research Journal. He has published eighteen research papers in reputed Journals. He has participated and presented twenty five research papers in National and International levels. He acted as resource person in Nine Faculty Development Programs organized at National and International Levels. He is discharging duties of National and International Collaborations as Nodal Officer. He is member of different academic and administrative committees at department and University level. He had authored three Books and published 5 Intellectual Property Rights (India Specific). His areas of specialization are Agricultural Economics, Quantitative Methods and Econometrics.

K. Velmurugan

K. Velmurugan, Dean, Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College has profound experience in teaching, research and industry. With his robust academic background of 28 years, he has published 50 research articles in reputed journals, 8 patent publications and 16 design patents. His remarkable contributions in academics and significant research advancements made him to receive numerous awards. He is a member of various professional bodies, Editorial Board and reviewer of various journals. Besides, he has also guided several society oriented projects. As an astute research supervisor, he is guiding 6 research scholars at present. His expertise in research areas include Additive Manufacturing, Nano Fluids, Material processing, and Thermal Engineering.

Nagabhooshanam N.

Nagabhooshanam N. received his doctoral degree from Anna University under area interfacial heat transfer in die casting process, and further received his Master Degree from Anna University, Chennai. He also received his Bachelor degree under faculty of Mechanical Engineering from Anna University, Chennai. He is currently working as an Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, India. He has published 3 Patents, 17 Research Journals. He has attended 4 International Conferences. His research interests and expertise in Heat transfer enhancement, microstructure study of Al-mg based Alloys; Minimization of casting defects in Al, Fe based materials, die improvement, Flow Analysis Techniques, optimization Techniques. His subject and field of specialization: Mechanical Engineering; Fluid Mechanics, Manufacturing process and Material Sciences.

Gajanan Patange

Gajanan Patange received the B.E. degree in Mechanical engineering from the Amravati University, Maharashtra, India, in 1997, and the M.Tech. Degree in Industrial engineering and Management from the SGSITS Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, in 2006 respectively. In 2016, he completed his PhD in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, CHARUSAT. He joined as a lecturer (Currently He is Workshop superintendent) in February 2008 in Charotar University of science and technology (Formerly Charotar Institute of technology, Changa.) Earlier he was in Jaihind Comprehensive educational institutes Institute of technology as a lecturer in Mechanical Engineering Department from July 1999 to February 2008,where he was an Lecturer, became an Head Of Department, in 2006. He is a Life Member of the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) and the Indian Institution of Industrial Engineering (IIIE). He has reviewed many papers as reviewer of Elsevier, Inderscience, and, sage publications. He has published more than 50 papers at national as well as international levels in a journal as well as conferences. He is a recognized PhD supervisor in Charotar University and science Gujarat. He is an examiner for PhD in Mumbai and Pune University. He has guided 28 dissertations at Post Graduate level and more than 100 projects at Undergraduate level. His current interests include Quality engineering, Production and Operation Managements, Industrial Engineering and Managements, Waste management, Occupational health and hazardous impact.

G. Balamuruga Mohan Raj

G. Balamuruga Mohanraj is a young and dynamic individual with a strong academic background in Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics Applications. Currently working as Professor and Head in the Department of Mechatronics, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College (Autonomous Institution), Madagadipet, Puducherry. He has 20 years of teaching and industry experience. He has attended and presented many research articles at international conferences and published in international journals. He has also published a patent based on society oriented projects. He is passionate about research, believes in learning, striving for enhancing skills and Society oriented projects. Currently, his research area includes Condition Monitoring and Machine Learning.

Chennapragada Amarendra

Chennapragada Amarendra received B. Tech (EEE) from Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetam, M. Tech (Power Electronics and Drives) and Ph. D. from KLEF deemed to be University. He also received M.Tech (Computer Science and Engineering) from Aditya Engineering College (A). He has 10 years in teaching and administration. He has published 16 research articles in peer reviewed Journals including IEEE, springer and Scopus Conferences. He also published one patent. Delivered guest lectures on optimization techniques and data science applications on power systems. Dr. CH. Amarendra is currently working as Associate Professor, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, India.

M. V. Kumar Reddy

M. V. Kumar Reddy received M.Tech (PID) from Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem. He has an experience of 12 years in teaching. He is working as Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering, Surampalem. He is an active member in IETE, ISTE, IAENG Associations.