Philosophy of Communicology: “Discourse Which Expresses Itself Is Communication”

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Notes

[1] National Communication Association (U.S.A.), Centennial Celebration Series Panel: “Being (T)here”, Philosophy of Communication Division, Chicago, Illinois , 21 November 2014.

[2] For an explication of terminology used, see: “Greek Voices of Discourse and Epistemology Explicated in French Discourse (Handchart 1995/2015)”, an online PDF: http://siu.academia.edu/RichardLLanigan

[3] Richard L. Lanigan, “Paradigm Shifts: Recalling the Early ICA and the Later PHILCOM”, The Review of Communication 8 (2005): 377–82.

[4] Richard L. Lanigan, Phenomenology of Communication: Merleau-Ponty's Thematics in Communicology and Semiology (Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press, 1988), 76.

[5] Pascal David, “Heidegger's Dasein” in Vocabulaire européen des philosophies: Dictionnaire des intraduisibles (Paris: Éditions de Seuil/Dictionnaires Le Robert, 2004). Trans. Steven Rendal et al.; ed. Barbara Cassin, Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), 198–200.

[6] Martin Heidegger, Sein und Zeit, 7th ed. (Tübingen: Neomarius Verlag, 1926). Trans. John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson, Being and Time (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1962), 31, 60.

[7] Ibid., 55–56.

[8] Ibid., 211; Dermot Moran, Introduction to Phenomenology (New York: Routledge; Taylor & Francis Group, 2000), 229.

[9] Heidegger, ibid., 178.

[10] Pierre Bourdieu, Ce que parler veut dire (Paris: Libraire Arthème Fayard, 1977–1984). Trans. Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson, Language and Symbolic Power (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991); L'Ontologie politique de Martin Heidegger (Paris: Éditions de Minuit, 1988). Trans. Peter Collier, The Political Ontology of Martin Heidegger (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991).

[11] Edmund Husserl, Logische Untersuchungen, 2nd ed. (Halle: M. Niemeyer, 1910–1913). Trans. J. N. Findlay, Logical Investigations, 2 vols. (London, U.K.: Routledge & Kegan Paul; New York: Humanities Press, 1970).

[12] Richard L. Lanigan, “Convergence Constitutes the Horizon of Divergence: In Dialogue with Calvin O. Schrag”, Russian Journal of Communication 7, no. 1 (2015): 94–101; Samuel IJsseling, Rhetoric and Philosophy in Conflict: An Historical Survey (Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1976).

[13] Edmund Husserl, The Paris Lectures, trans. Peter Kostenbaum (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1967); Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology, trans. Dorion Cairns (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1969).

[14] Paris Lectures: 27; my emphasis.

[15] Paris Lectures: 25.

[16] Paris Lectures: 35.

[17] La Parole (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1953). Trans. Paul T. Brockelman. Speaking [La Parole] (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1965).

[18] Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1995). La Nature: Notes, cours du Collège de France (Paris: Éditions de Seuil, 1995). Trans, Robert Vallier, “The Notions of Information and Communication” in Nature: Course Notes from the Collège de France (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2003): 158–66.

[19] Heidegger, Being and Time, on Greek metaphysics: 203–6; on communication: 203–6; on early Greek logos, see Heidegger, Early Greek Thinking. Trans. David Farrell Krell and Frank A. Capuzzi (New York: Harper & Row).

[20] See note 2 above.

[21] Richard L. Lanigan, “Immanuel Kant (1724—1804)”, International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, ed. Klaus B. Jensen (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016).

[22] “Semiotics in Mainstream American Communication Studies: A Review of Principal U.S.A Journals in the Context of Communicology”, The Review of Communication 12, no. 3 (July 2012): 176–200.

[23] Richard L. Lanigan, “Defining the Human Sciences,” Schutzian Research—A Yearbook of Lifeworldly Phenomenology and Qualitative Social Science 3 (2011): 9–11; “Husserl's Phenomenology in America (U.S.A.): The Human Science Legacy of Wilbur Marshall Urban and the Yale School of Communicology”: 203–17.

[24] Urban (1939); New York: Books for Libraries Press; Arno Books, reprint ed.1971.

[25] New York: Books of Libraries Press; Arno Books, reprint ed. 1971: 66, 66n.

[26] Karl Bühler, Sprachtheorie: Die Darstellungsfunktion der Sprache (Jena/Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1934, 2nd ed. 1982). Trans. Donald Fraser Goodwin, Theory of Language: The Representational Function of Language, Foundations of Semiotics: Vol. 25 (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co., 1990); “The Axiomatization of the Language Sciences” in Robert E. Innis, Karl Bühler: Semiotic Foundations of Language Theory (New York: Plenum Press, 1982). Note (translation error) that Dastellungfunction is “presentation” (not “representation”) and contrasts with Ausdruckfunction that is “expression”.

[27] Ernst Cassirer, The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms: Vol. 1: Language, Vol. 2: Mythical Thought; Vol. 3: Phenomenology of Knowledge; Vol. 4: The Metaphysics of Symbolic Forms, trans. R. Manheim (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957, 1995). Original works published 1923, 1925, 1929. Richard L. Lanigan, “Ernst Cassirer's Communicology and Culturology: The Theory and Method of Semiotic Phenomenology” (in press).

[28] Hubert G. Alexander, The Language and Logic of Philosophy (Lanham, NY: University Press of America, 1967, 1972, 1988); Meaning in Language, College Speech Series (Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, and Co., 1969); “Communication, Technology, and Culture”, The Philosophy Forum (Special Issue: Communication) 7, nos. 1–4 (September 1968): 1–40.

[29] For a language account, see Richard L. Lanigan, “Information Theories” in Paul Cobley and Peter Schulz (eds.), Theories and Models of Communication, Vol. 1, Handbooks of Communication Science, 22 vols., 2012–2019 (Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2013): 58–83; online PDF: http://siu.academia.edu/RichardLLanigan. For a mathematical account, see William Ross Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1956), 179.

[30] Richard L. Lanigan, Speaking and Semiology: Maurice Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenological Theory of Existential Communication, Approaches to Semiotics, Vol. 22 (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1972, 2nd ed. 1991); Semiotic Phenomenology of Rhetoric: Eidetic Practice in Henry Grattan's Discourse on Tolerance (Washington, DC: Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology and University Press of America, 1984); The Human Science of Communicology: A Phenomenology of Discourse in Foucault and Merleau-Ponty (Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press, 1992).

[31] Morris says: “For in a wide sense of ‘phenomenological’ a behavioral semiotic is phenomenological since it includes a description of observer; and a narrower use of the term (the description by an individual of his own sign-process) is covered by our admission of self observation, an admission which is compatible with either a behavioral or a mentalistic psychology, and so does not decide between them”. Charles Morris, Writings on the General Theory of Signs (The Hague: Mouton, 1971),105.

[32] A readable account of information theory (Shannon, Weaver) versus communication theory (Weiner, Bateson, Mead) is Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead, “For God's Sake Margaret”, The CoEvolution Quarterly (Summer 1976): 32–44; see especially the diagram on p. 37. A more current source is Ronald R. Kline, The Cybernetics Moment: Or Why We Call Our Age the Information Age (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press), 229–31.

[33] Lawrence D. Kritzman, The Columbia History of Twentieth-Century Thought (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006), 526, 622.

[34] Maurice Merleau-Ponty, La Nature: Notes, cours du Collège de France (Paris: Éditions de Seuil, 1995). Trans, Robert Vallier, “The Notions of Information and Communication” in Nature: Course Notes from the Collège de France (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press , 2003),158–66.

[35] Roland Barthes, “Éléments de sémiologie”, Communications 4 (1964): 91–135, trans. Annette Lavers and Colin Smith, Elements of Semiology (New York: Hill and Wang; Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1967); “L'Ancienne rhétorique. Aide-mémoire”, Communications 16 (1970): 172–229, trans. Richard Howard, “The Old Rhetoric: an aide-mémoire” in The Semiotic Challenge. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994): 11–93; Elmar Holenstein, Roman Jakobson, ou sur le structuralisme phénoménologique (Paris: Editions Seghers, 1974), trans. Catherine Schelbert and Tarcisius Schelbert, Roman Jakobson's Approach to Language: Phenomenological Structuralism [from German Habilitationschrift, Zurich 1974] (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976); Group Mu, Rhétorique générale (Paris: Libraire Larousse, 1970), trans. P. B. Burrell and E. M. Slotkin, A General Rhetoric (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981); Haden White, Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978); Anthony Wilden, System and Structure: Essays in Communication and Exchange, 2nd. ed. (London, U.K.: Tavistock Publications, 1972, 1980); Wilden, The Rules Are No Game: The Strategy of Communication (New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987).

[36] See note 32: 162–63; my inserts.

[37] See note 32.

[38] My most recent publications are: Richard L. Lanigan, “Human Embodiment: An Eidetic and Empirical Communicology of Phantom Limb”, Metodo: International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy [Paris] 3, no. 1 (2015): 257–87; “Semiotic Confusion in the Phenomenology of Perception: West Meets East, One Actuality Becomes Two Realities”, Chinese Semiotic Studies 11, no. 2 (2015): 227–62; “Semiotic Paradigms of Self and Person: The Perspectives Model of Communicology as the Logic Foundation of Human Science”, Language and Semiotic Studies [China] 1, no. 1 (Spring 2015): 106–29; “Netizen Communicology: China Daily and the Internet Construction of Group Culture”, Semiotica (2015) online publication; print pending for Issue 207 (2016): 1–40. Forthcoming articles include: (1) “Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)”, (2) “Alfred Schütz (1899–1959)”, (3) “Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)”, (4) “Jean Jacques Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961), International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, ed. Klaus B. Jensen (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015 in press); (1) “Humanistic Communication Theory”, (2) “Structuralism” in The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory: Humanistic and Scientific Perspectives, ed. James Mattingly (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Reference) (in press).

[39] Historical and descriptive information online: http://communicology.org