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Abstract
We compared the prevalence and correlates of adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts in two nationally representative probability samples of adolescents interviewed in 1995 (National Survey of Adolescents; N = 4,023) and 2005 (National Survey of Adolescents-Replication; N = 3,614). Participants in both samples completed a telephone survey that assessed major depressive episode (MDE), post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation and attempts, violence exposure, and substance use. Results demonstrated that the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among adolescents was lower in 2005 than 1995, whereas the prevalence of suicide attempts remained stable. MDE was the strongest predictor of suicidality in both samples. In addition, several demographic, substance use, and violence exposure variables were significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempts in both samples, with female gender, nonexperimental drug use, and direct violence exposure being consistent risk factors in both samples.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant 1R01 HD046830-01 (principal investigator: Dean G. Kilpatrick). Views in this article do not necessarily represent those of the agency supporting this research.
Notes
1The term “risk factor” is used throughout as a general term to describe risk factors or correlates.
Note: Correlation coefficient used was phi, obtained by calculating χ2. NSA = National Survey of Adolescents; NSA-R = National Survey of Adolescents–Replication.
***p < .001.
Note: NSA = National Survey of Adolescents; SA = suicide attempt; SI = suicidal ideation; Gend = gender; Af-Am = African American; His = Hispanic; NA = Native American; AsAm = Asian American; Oth = Other race; Drug = lifetime nonexperimental drug use; AlcAb = lifetime alcohol abuse Dir V = direct violence; Ind V = indirect violence; PTSD = lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder; MDE = lifetime major depressive episode.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.
Note: NSA-R = National Survey of Adolescents–Replication; SA = suicide attempt; SI = suicidal ideation; Gend = gender; Af-Am = African American; His = Hispanic; NA = Native American; AsAm = Asian American; Oth = Other race; Drug = lifetime nonexperimental drug use; AlcAb = lifetime alcohol abuse; Dir V = direct violence; Ind V = indirect violence; PTSD = lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder; MDE = lifetime major depressive episode.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.
Note: All df = 1; Other race only collected in 1995. NSA = National Survey of Adolescents; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PTSD = lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder; MDE = major depressive episode.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.
Note: All df = 1; Other race only collected in 1995. NSA-R = National Survey of Adolescents–Replication; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PTSD = lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder; MDE = major depressive episode.
***p < .001.
Note: All df = 1; Other race only collected in 1995. No Asian Americans attempted suicide in the 1995 sample. NSA = National Survey of Adolescents; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PTSD = lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder; MDE = major depressive episode.
†p = .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.
Note: All df = 1; Other race only collected in 1995. NSA-R = National Survey of Adolescents–Replication; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PTSD = lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder; MDE = major depressive episode.
**p < .01. ***p < .001.
