Dispositional Active Coping Predicts Patterns of Adolescents’ Cortisol Responsivity in the Context of School-related Stressors

ABSTRACT

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine the direct and conditional effects of active coping and prior exposure to school-related stressors on cortisol reactivity and recovery in response to an academically salient, social stress task.

Method

Participants included N= 758 adolescents (50% male; M age = 12.03 years, SD = .49) enrolled in the 7th grade in Title 1 middle schools. Adolescents were predominantly ethnic minorities (62% Hispanic, 12% non-Hispanic White, 11% non-Hispanic Black, 7% Native American, and 8% “other”). Youth completed self-reported assessments of their dispositional use of active coping strategies, prior exposure to school hassles, pubertal status, medication use, and relevant demographic information. In addition, youth engaged in an academically salient group public speaking task adapted for adolescents and provided salivary cortisol sample pre-task, immediately post-task, 15-, and 30-minutes post-task.

Results

Results from piecewise latent growth curve modeling revealed that active coping independently predicted lower cortisol reactivity to the stress task. Furthermore, active coping was associated with slower cortisol recovery when adolescents reported not having experienced any school hassles in the past three months and faster recovery when having experienced several school hassles in the past three months. Results from multinomial logistic regressions revealed that greater use of active coping strategies was less likely to predict a hyper-reactive pattern of cortisol responding compared to other patterns.

Conclusion

Findings provide support for active coping as a way to promote adaptive physiological responding to school-related stressors among ethnically diverse youth residing in low-income communities.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

¹ The majority of adolescents reported taking a non-narcotic class of medication (e.g., ibuprofen; n = 39), followed by antihistamines (e.g., Claritin, Zyrtec; n = 14), bronchodilators (n = 12), stimulants (e.g., Adderall; n = 9), antibiotics, (n = 2), antipsychotics (e.g., melatonin; n = 2), expectorants (n = 2), hormonal (i.e., insulin; n = 2), salicylates (i.e., aspirin; n = 2), and antidepressants (n = 1). A subset of adolescents endorsing medication use did not provide enough informatin for classification (n = 6).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Institute of Drug Abuse [R01 DA035855].