In vivo oxime administration does not influence Ellman acetylcholinesterase assay results

Abstract

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Treatment for OP poisoning is by administration of atropine sulfate, an oxime, and diazepam. Oximes such as 2-PAM are used to reactivate OP-inhibited AChE so as to restore normal enzymatic function and serve as a true antidote. There are reports of non-enzymatic hydrolysis by oximes of acetylthiocholine in in vitro preparations in the widely used Ellman assay for AChE activity, which may confound the interpretation of AChE activity by producing elevated results. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if there is appreciable interference by therapeutic levels of oximes on the results of the Ellman assay in assessing AChE reactivation by oxime compounds in vivo. When therapeutic doses of oximes (2-PAM, HI-6, MMB-4, or MINA) were administered intramuscularly to guinea pigs and samples collected 60 min later, there was no statistical difference between oxime and saline control groups in measured AChE activity in various tissue samples, including blood. With appropriate dilution of samples prior to spectrophotometric assay, the Ellman assay is an acceptable method to measure in vivo oxime reactivation of inhibited AChE. Inclusion of an oxime control group to insure that this particular type of interference is not causing false readings in the assay is a prudent step.

Keywords::

• Acetylcholinesterase
• acetylthiocholine
• Ellman assay
• in vivo
• oxime

Acknowledgements

The authors recognized the excellent technical assistance of Jeff Koenig, Cindy Acon-Chen, Anna Smelley, Kristin Tarzia, Kerry Van Shura, and Megan Lyman. This research was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency–Joint Service and Technology Office, Medical Science and Technology Division.

The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors, and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.