A significant mechanism of molecular recognition between bioflavonoids and P-glycoprotein leading to herb-drug interactions

Abstract

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)’s function may conduct significant changes in the prescription drugs’ pharmacokinetic profiles and escalate potential risks in taking place of drug/herb-drug interactions. Computational modeling was advanced to scrutinize some bioflavonoids which play roles in herb-drug interactions as P-gp inhibitors utilizing molecular docking and pharmacophore analyses. Twenty-five flavonoids were utilized as ligands for the modeling. The mouse P-gp (code: 4Q9H) was acquired from the PDB. The docking was operated utilizing AutoDock version 4.2.6 (Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA) against the NBD2 of 4Q9H. The result illustrated the high correlation between the docking scores and observed activities of the flavonoids and the putative binding site of these flavonoids was proposed and compared with the site for ATP. To evaluate hotspot amino acid residues within the NBD2, Binding modes for the ligands were achieved using LigandScout to originate the NBD2-flavonoid pharmacophore models. The results asserted that these inhibitors competed with ATP for binding site in the NBD2 (as competitive inhibitors) including the hotspot residues which associated with electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with the flavonoids. In MD simulation of eight delegated complexes selected from the analyzed flavonoid subclasses, RMSD analysis of the trajectories indicated the residues were stable throughout the duration of simulations.

Keywords:

• Flavonoids
• herb-drug interactions
• molecular dynamics simulation
• nucleotide-binding domain 2
• P-glycoprotein

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Inte:Ligand Software Entwicklungs und Consulting GmbH for providing an academic free license for LigandScout version 3.12 (Inte:Ligand, Vienna, Austria).

Disclosure statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.