Effect of Perceived Stigma on Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Self-Confidence to Take Medication Correctly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Stigma has been a major barrier to accessing HIV prevention, care, and treatment services. This study seeks to assess the effect of stigma on self-reported adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and self-confidence to take medication correctly among HIV-infected adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A descriptive cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative data was carried out at Zewditu Memorial Hospital's HAART clinic. Self-reported Morisky scale was used to assess adherence to HAART, and Berger stigma scale was used to measure the level of perceived stigma. The three measures of stigma (negative self-image, concern about public attitude, and concern about disclosure) were negatively associated with self-reported adherence to HAART and with self-confidence to take medication correctly. In order to improve adherence, programs that address stigma need to be designed and implemented.

KEYWORDS:

• adherence
• HAART
• HIV/AIDS
• self-confidence
• stigma

Notes

^a Percentage rounded to 1 decimal point.

^b 1 USD is equivalent to 16.38 Birr at the time of study.

^a Sum of four questions with five scales.

^b Sum of three questions with four scales.